<p>Copper-based friction materials are widely used in bearings, braking systems, and torque transmission components; however, their limited wear resistance under high-load and wet sliding conditions restricts their application in advanced tribological systems. In this study, multi-additive Cu-based composites reinforced with Sn, Pb, Fe, SiO₂, and graphite were fabricated via spark plasma sintering (SPS) and evaluated under wet sliding conditions. A Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was employed to investigate compositional effects while minimizing experimental trials. Wear rate, coefficient of friction (COF), hardness, and porosity were statistically analyzed using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The maximum hardness reached 194 HB, while the minimum wear rate was reduced to 0.30 × 10⁻⁴&#xa0;mm³/m. The lowest, highest COF and porosity were 0.150, 0.197, and 3.4%, respectively. ANOVA revealed that Fe was the dominant factor governing hardness (<i>F</i> = 331.24, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas graphite exhibited the highest statistical contribution to wear rate (<i>F</i> = 29.97, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and friction behavior (<i>F</i> = 74.28, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). SiO₂ and graphite significantly influenced porosity evolution (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The results demonstrate that graphite effectively reduces friction through the formation of lubricating films, while SiO₂ enhances wear resistance and mechanical stability due to its hardness and thermal stability. The combined addition of Fe, Sn, and Pb further contributes to strengthening and improved load-bearing capacity. Microstructural observations revealed uniform reinforcement distribution and reduced porosity in SPS-processed samples. The hybrid reinforcement system significantly improved wear resistance, friction stability, and hardness, highlighting the potential of SPS-fabricated Cu-MMCs for high-performance tribological applications.</p>