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<p>This study provides a critical assessment of transverse cold rolling as an alternative deformation route for controlling anisotropy in UNS S32304 lean duplex stainless steel by correlating microstructural evolution with mechanical, corrosion, and tribological responses. Although transverse cold rolling up to 50% thickness reduction did not fully randomize the microstructure or suppress the anisotropy inherited from prior cold rolling, it revealed distinct section-dependent deformation behavior and pronounced strain hardening. This leads to a substantial increase in ultimate tensile strength independent of loading orientation and without inducing martensitic transformation. Notably, the material preserved its high corrosion resistance, showing low susceptibility to intergranular corrosion despite the imposed plastic strain. However, pitting occurred in the top section for all treatments in 3.5% NaCl, with the lowest pitting potential for the hot-rolled condition. Conversely, tribological performance remained limited, with inferior wear resistance in distilled water compared to mineral oil. These results demonstrate that, while transverse cold rolling enhances strength without compromising corrosion resistance, it is not an effective standalone strategy for anisotropy reduction or tribological improvement at moderate deformation levels, thereby establishing clear boundaries for its applicability and providing guidance for the design of alternative processing routes.</p>

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Transverse Cold Rolling-Induced Microstructural Modification and Mechanical and Electrochemical Responses of UNS S32304 Lean Duplex Stainless Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Victor Hugo Mafra Monfredo Ferreira,
  • Arthur Ecard Guimarães,
  • Mauricio dos Santos Azevedo,
  • Guilherme Yuuki Koga,
  • Ivan Napoleão Bastos,
  • Luis Cesar Rodríguez Aliaga,
  • Leandro de Amorim Ratamero,
  • Francisco Gil Coury,
  • Verona Biancardi Aguiar

摘要

This study provides a critical assessment of transverse cold rolling as an alternative deformation route for controlling anisotropy in UNS S32304 lean duplex stainless steel by correlating microstructural evolution with mechanical, corrosion, and tribological responses. Although transverse cold rolling up to 50% thickness reduction did not fully randomize the microstructure or suppress the anisotropy inherited from prior cold rolling, it revealed distinct section-dependent deformation behavior and pronounced strain hardening. This leads to a substantial increase in ultimate tensile strength independent of loading orientation and without inducing martensitic transformation. Notably, the material preserved its high corrosion resistance, showing low susceptibility to intergranular corrosion despite the imposed plastic strain. However, pitting occurred in the top section for all treatments in 3.5% NaCl, with the lowest pitting potential for the hot-rolled condition. Conversely, tribological performance remained limited, with inferior wear resistance in distilled water compared to mineral oil. These results demonstrate that, while transverse cold rolling enhances strength without compromising corrosion resistance, it is not an effective standalone strategy for anisotropy reduction or tribological improvement at moderate deformation levels, thereby establishing clear boundaries for its applicability and providing guidance for the design of alternative processing routes.