<p>This work uses powder metallurgy technique to fabricate six-layered aluminum–alumina functionally graded material with 0–50% variation (10% gradation in each layer) in aluminum. Microstructural layer-wise analysis was carried out along with the investigation of various properties such as hardness, wear rate, coefficient of friction, and porosity. Additionally, an image processing technique was used to examine the distribution of aluminum and aluminum oxide particles at the interfaces of FGM. The analysis is focused on five distinct interfaces between layers 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6, with decreasing aluminum content. The oxygen distribution, represented by white color in RGB images, was quantified by dividing the interface region into strips and calculating the percentage of masked pixels (indicating oxygen elements). The findings show that the transition between different interfaces varies in smoothness; interfaces 1-2 have an uneven distribution of aluminum oxide, whereas interfaces 2-3, 3-4, and 4-5 show a more gradual transition. The results of microstructural characteristics of FGMs highlight the challenges of achieving uniform particle dispersion across the layers. The results of the experiment demonstrate a direct correlation between percentage of Al₂O₃ composition and micro-Vickers hardness. This work provides an insight into methods of improving the mechanical properties like wear resistance and hardness and reducing the coefficient of friction based on change in composition of constituent materials.</p>