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<p>This study systematically investigates the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> activation duration (0-60&#xa0;min at 900&#xa0;°C) on electrospun polyacrylonitrile-derived carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for supercapacitor electrodes. The results reveal a nonlinear relationship between activation time and structural evolution. An intermediate duration of 50&#xa0;min (CNF50) optimizes the microstructure, yielding the lowest I<sub>D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub> ratio, the highest sp<sup>2</sup>/sp<sup>3</sup> carbon ratio, and a maximized microporous surface area of 658&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>. These characteristics enhance electrical conductivity and provide abundant ion-accessible sites. Consequently, the CNF50 electrode achieves a superior specific capacitance of 151.65&#xa0;F&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5&#xa0;A&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>, which represents a threefold improvement over non-activated CNFs. Furthermore, CNF50 demonstrates outstanding cycling stability, retaining 93.86% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles. Electrochemical impedance analysis confirms that performance stems from the synergistic optimization of pore architecture and electronic transport. These findings identify CO<sub>2</sub> activation duration as a critical parameter for designing high-performance and scalable carbon electrodes for sustainable energy storage.</p>

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Optimizing CO2 Activation Duration for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • Nantawat Tanapongpisit,
  • Suchunya Wongprasod,
  • Peerawat Laohana,
  • Mati Horprathum,
  • Tossaporn Lertvanithphol,
  • Worawat Meevasana,
  • Santi Maensiri,
  • Wittawat Saenrang

摘要

This study systematically investigates the effect of CO2 activation duration (0-60 min at 900 °C) on electrospun polyacrylonitrile-derived carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for supercapacitor electrodes. The results reveal a nonlinear relationship between activation time and structural evolution. An intermediate duration of 50 min (CNF50) optimizes the microstructure, yielding the lowest ID/IG ratio, the highest sp2/sp3 carbon ratio, and a maximized microporous surface area of 658 m2 g−1. These characteristics enhance electrical conductivity and provide abundant ion-accessible sites. Consequently, the CNF50 electrode achieves a superior specific capacitance of 151.65 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, which represents a threefold improvement over non-activated CNFs. Furthermore, CNF50 demonstrates outstanding cycling stability, retaining 93.86% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles. Electrochemical impedance analysis confirms that performance stems from the synergistic optimization of pore architecture and electronic transport. These findings identify CO2 activation duration as a critical parameter for designing high-performance and scalable carbon electrodes for sustainable energy storage.