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<p>Magnetic permeability is an important factor while considering austenitic stainless steel for construction of vacuum chambers of particle accelerators. The presence of ferromagnetic <i>δ</i>-ferrite in the weld metal of austenitic stainless steel is desirable to prevent hot cracking, but its presence enhances magnetic permeability which compromises the functionality of component. The purpose of the present study is to develop a sustainable tungsten inert gas welding technology for achieving better productivity by increasing metal penetration with simultaneous betterment in weld quality and control of magnetic permeability. The study has been carried out using an active flux (SiO<sub>2</sub> &amp; TiO<sub>2</sub>) and nitrogen addition (2-3% by volume) in the argon shield gas to obtain the autogenous welds of 12 and 6mm-thick AISI 316L stainless steel. The use of active flux resulted in enhanced weld penetration and nitrogen alloying of weld metal up to 0.18 wt.% significantly promoted austenite phase stability and is responsible for stringent control of weld metal magnetic permeability close to that of base metal. The Charpy impact energy of nitrogen-alloyed weld metal was well above the minimum requirements of relevant ASME code standards at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature.</p>

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Active Tungsten Inert Gas Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel with Nitrogen Addition for Enhanced Penetration and Controlled Magnetic Permeability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Ganesh Puppala,
  • Ashutosh Pratap Singh,
  • Arnav Chakraborty,
  • Rashmi Singh,
  • Archna Sagdeo,
  • Abhay Kumar

摘要

Magnetic permeability is an important factor while considering austenitic stainless steel for construction of vacuum chambers of particle accelerators. The presence of ferromagnetic δ-ferrite in the weld metal of austenitic stainless steel is desirable to prevent hot cracking, but its presence enhances magnetic permeability which compromises the functionality of component. The purpose of the present study is to develop a sustainable tungsten inert gas welding technology for achieving better productivity by increasing metal penetration with simultaneous betterment in weld quality and control of magnetic permeability. The study has been carried out using an active flux (SiO2 & TiO2) and nitrogen addition (2-3% by volume) in the argon shield gas to obtain the autogenous welds of 12 and 6mm-thick AISI 316L stainless steel. The use of active flux resulted in enhanced weld penetration and nitrogen alloying of weld metal up to 0.18 wt.% significantly promoted austenite phase stability and is responsible for stringent control of weld metal magnetic permeability close to that of base metal. The Charpy impact energy of nitrogen-alloyed weld metal was well above the minimum requirements of relevant ASME code standards at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature.