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<p>As an efficient surface repair technology, induction cladding enables the remediation of hydraulically supported cylinder blocks failed by wear; yet, it suffers from the technical bottlenecks of insufficient molten pool temperature and low coating bonding strength. In this study, 0–5 wt.% of Al/CuO-type highly reactive energetic materials (H-REMs) were incorporated into the cladding system, and coating samples were fabricated via the induction cladding process. The effects of H-REMs on the microstructure, wear resistance, and microhardness of the cladding layers were systematically investigated using XRD, EDS, SEM, and EBSD. H-REMs induced lattice expansion while preserving the main phase composition of the coatings, which consisted of <i>α</i>-Cu, <i>α</i>-(Cu, Sn) solid solution, Pb, and minor Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub>. The addition of H-REMs effectively regulates the grain size of the cladding layers. The grains exhibit an evolution trend of refinement first and then coarsening with the increase in H-REMs content. At an H-REMs addition of 3 wt.%, the grain size decreased by 46.1% compared with the unreinforced sample, and an excellent metallurgical bond is achieved at the coating–substrate interface. This optimal dosage also delivered superior comprehensive performance with the average microhardness elevated by 18.53% to 153.5 HV<sub>0.5</sub> compared with the H-REMs-free sample. The friction coefficient and wear loss were decreased by 60.1% and 78.4%, respectively, compare to the substrate with an H-REMs content of 3 wt.%. Excessive H-REMs triggered grain coarsening and deteriorated the overall performance of cladding layers. This work provides a novel strategy for fabricating high-performance wear-resistant tin bronze claddings on severely worn engineering components by H-REMs-assisted induction cladding.</p>

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Investigation of High-Reactivity Energetic Materials on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Tin Bronze Induction Cladding Layer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Zhiming Gao,
  • Zhan Wang,
  • Zhongtang Gao,
  • Geng Zhang,
  • Chuangxin Zhang,
  • Chuanwei Zhang

摘要

As an efficient surface repair technology, induction cladding enables the remediation of hydraulically supported cylinder blocks failed by wear; yet, it suffers from the technical bottlenecks of insufficient molten pool temperature and low coating bonding strength. In this study, 0–5 wt.% of Al/CuO-type highly reactive energetic materials (H-REMs) were incorporated into the cladding system, and coating samples were fabricated via the induction cladding process. The effects of H-REMs on the microstructure, wear resistance, and microhardness of the cladding layers were systematically investigated using XRD, EDS, SEM, and EBSD. H-REMs induced lattice expansion while preserving the main phase composition of the coatings, which consisted of α-Cu, α-(Cu, Sn) solid solution, Pb, and minor Al2O3 and SiO2. The addition of H-REMs effectively regulates the grain size of the cladding layers. The grains exhibit an evolution trend of refinement first and then coarsening with the increase in H-REMs content. At an H-REMs addition of 3 wt.%, the grain size decreased by 46.1% compared with the unreinforced sample, and an excellent metallurgical bond is achieved at the coating–substrate interface. This optimal dosage also delivered superior comprehensive performance with the average microhardness elevated by 18.53% to 153.5 HV0.5 compared with the H-REMs-free sample. The friction coefficient and wear loss were decreased by 60.1% and 78.4%, respectively, compare to the substrate with an H-REMs content of 3 wt.%. Excessive H-REMs triggered grain coarsening and deteriorated the overall performance of cladding layers. This work provides a novel strategy for fabricating high-performance wear-resistant tin bronze claddings on severely worn engineering components by H-REMs-assisted induction cladding.