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<p>High-speed components used in aerospace and related fields are susceptible to surface softening, cracking, and localized corrosion under long-term service in coupled environments involving high temperature, chloride attack, and severe wear. To address this issue, a bioinspired strategy integrating laser alloying with <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>-induced mineralization was proposed to construct a multiscale “brick–mud” composite coating, and its microstructure, tribological behavior, and corrosion resistance were systematically evaluated. An alloyed layer composed of 80% Inconel 625 and 20% Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was fabricated on 30CrNi2MoV steel via laser alloying. XRD results indicated that the coating consisted mainly of a <i>γ</i>-Ni solid solution with dispersed Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, NbO<sub>2</sub>, and Fe<sub>2</sub>MoC phases. A pronounced hardness gradient was obtained, with an average surface hardness of 567.2&#xa0;HV (68.6% higher than the substrate) and a peak value of 634.5&#xa0;HV, primarily attributed to grain refinement, particle pinning, and solid solution strengthening. On this rigid framework, a hierarchically structured bacterially induced mineralized film with an average thickness of 98.2&#xa0;μm was formed, composed of polymorphic CaCO<sub>3</sub> phases (calcite, aragonite, and vaterite). Tribological tests showed that the wear rate decreased by 39.9% compared with the substrate, accompanied by a transition in the dominant wear mechanism from abrasive cutting and plastic flow to localized brittle spallation. Electrochemical analyses revealed a positive shift in corrosion potential and a 47.4% reduction in corrosion rate, while the mineralized coating exhibited the largest impedance arc radius, indicating enhanced charge-transfer resistance and stable passivation behavior. The synergistic coupling of the laser-alloyed layer and the mineralized film provides effective mechanical reinforcement and interfacial protection, offering a promising bioinspired approach for improving the long-term stability of high-strength steels in extreme service environments.</p>

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Bioinspired Multiscale Layers Constructed via Laser Alloying and Bacillus Subtilis-Induced Mineralization for Marine Corrosion Protection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Ren Weibin,
  • Wang Bo,
  • Zhang Suyang,
  • Wang Yujiang,
  • Zuo Weihao

摘要

High-speed components used in aerospace and related fields are susceptible to surface softening, cracking, and localized corrosion under long-term service in coupled environments involving high temperature, chloride attack, and severe wear. To address this issue, a bioinspired strategy integrating laser alloying with Bacillus subtilis-induced mineralization was proposed to construct a multiscale “brick–mud” composite coating, and its microstructure, tribological behavior, and corrosion resistance were systematically evaluated. An alloyed layer composed of 80% Inconel 625 and 20% Y2O3 was fabricated on 30CrNi2MoV steel via laser alloying. XRD results indicated that the coating consisted mainly of a γ-Ni solid solution with dispersed Y2O3, NbO2, and Fe2MoC phases. A pronounced hardness gradient was obtained, with an average surface hardness of 567.2 HV (68.6% higher than the substrate) and a peak value of 634.5 HV, primarily attributed to grain refinement, particle pinning, and solid solution strengthening. On this rigid framework, a hierarchically structured bacterially induced mineralized film with an average thickness of 98.2 μm was formed, composed of polymorphic CaCO3 phases (calcite, aragonite, and vaterite). Tribological tests showed that the wear rate decreased by 39.9% compared with the substrate, accompanied by a transition in the dominant wear mechanism from abrasive cutting and plastic flow to localized brittle spallation. Electrochemical analyses revealed a positive shift in corrosion potential and a 47.4% reduction in corrosion rate, while the mineralized coating exhibited the largest impedance arc radius, indicating enhanced charge-transfer resistance and stable passivation behavior. The synergistic coupling of the laser-alloyed layer and the mineralized film provides effective mechanical reinforcement and interfacial protection, offering a promising bioinspired approach for improving the long-term stability of high-strength steels in extreme service environments.