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<p>Surface integrity strongly affects the friction and wear behavior of engineering components. In this study, diamond rotary rolling treatment (DRRT) was applied to 316L stainless steel to construct a gradient-hardened surface layer, and the resulting surface morphology, microhardness, residual stress, microstructural evolution, and dry reciprocating tribological behavior were systematically investigated. DRRT increased the maximum surface microhardness to 580&#xa0;HV, generated a hardened layer deeper than 1000&#xa0;μm, and introduced surface compressive residual stress exceeding − 600&#xa0;MPa. EBSD and TEM analyses revealed pronounced grain refinement, high dislocation density, and strain-induced <i>α′</i>-martensitic transformation in the near-surface region. Under dry sliding at 10&#xa0;N, 2&#xa0;Hz, and 500&#xa0;μm stroke, the DRRT-treated specimens exhibited markedly reduced wear volume and wear rate. Among the tested conditions, DY60 showed the best overall wear resistance. The dominant wear mechanism transitioned from severe adhesive/oxidative wear in the reference states to a milder regime controlled by a stable transfer film and a protective oxide layer. In addition, a quantitative correlation between the cumulative hardness increment of the gradient layer and the wear resistance improvement rate was established.</p>

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Influence of Diamond Rotary Rolling Treatment on the Surface Microstructure Changes and Tribological Properties of 316L Stainless Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Wenqian Zhang,
  • Hui Zhao,
  • Tie Li,
  • Zhiyan Chang,
  • Xikang Xiao,
  • Po Zhang

摘要

Surface integrity strongly affects the friction and wear behavior of engineering components. In this study, diamond rotary rolling treatment (DRRT) was applied to 316L stainless steel to construct a gradient-hardened surface layer, and the resulting surface morphology, microhardness, residual stress, microstructural evolution, and dry reciprocating tribological behavior were systematically investigated. DRRT increased the maximum surface microhardness to 580 HV, generated a hardened layer deeper than 1000 μm, and introduced surface compressive residual stress exceeding − 600 MPa. EBSD and TEM analyses revealed pronounced grain refinement, high dislocation density, and strain-induced α′-martensitic transformation in the near-surface region. Under dry sliding at 10 N, 2 Hz, and 500 μm stroke, the DRRT-treated specimens exhibited markedly reduced wear volume and wear rate. Among the tested conditions, DY60 showed the best overall wear resistance. The dominant wear mechanism transitioned from severe adhesive/oxidative wear in the reference states to a milder regime controlled by a stable transfer film and a protective oxide layer. In addition, a quantitative correlation between the cumulative hardness increment of the gradient layer and the wear resistance improvement rate was established.