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Abstract <p>This study evaluates the mechanical, electrical, and corrosion performance of copper wires coated with nickel via electroplating and electroless methods, with additional graphene layers deposited by CVD. Eight specimens (Ni, NiB, GrNi, Cu) were characterized using SEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, tensile testing, electrical resistivity measurements, and salt mist testing. Ni delivered the highest tensile strength, reaching 410&#xa0;MPa, approximately 52% greater than Cu. NiB provided the highest yield strength, exceeding electroplated Ni by 20%, albeit with limited ductility, confirming brittle behavior. Electrical tests revealed that Ni maintained excellent conductivity, with resistivity only 2.2% higher than Cu (~ 1.5 × 10<sup>−8</sup> Ω&#xa0;m). In contrast, GrNi significantly increased resistivity up to 5.5 × higher especially at 30&#xa0;sccm CH<sub>4</sub>, despite yielding the highest graphene quality (I<sub><i>D</i></sub>/I<sub><i>G</i></sub> = 0.87) according to Raman. Salt mist tests revealed that only the NiB and GrNi (60&#xa0;sccm CH<sub>4</sub>) exhibited notable corrosion resistance, while others exhibited varying degrees of oxidation or surface degradation. These findings underscore the role of the deposition method: electroplating for superior strength and conductivity; electroless NiB for high yield and corrosion resistance, and graphene integration with the CVD method for tunable properties. The study offers a guideline for tailoring multifunctional coatings on copper conductors in demanding electrical and corrosive environments.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Surface Engineering of Copper Wires Using Nickel and Graphene Coatings: Enhancing Conductivity, Strength, and Corrosion Resistance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Burak Güler,
  • Veysel Erturun,
  • Sami Pekdemir

摘要

Abstract

This study evaluates the mechanical, electrical, and corrosion performance of copper wires coated with nickel via electroplating and electroless methods, with additional graphene layers deposited by CVD. Eight specimens (Ni, NiB, GrNi, Cu) were characterized using SEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, tensile testing, electrical resistivity measurements, and salt mist testing. Ni delivered the highest tensile strength, reaching 410 MPa, approximately 52% greater than Cu. NiB provided the highest yield strength, exceeding electroplated Ni by 20%, albeit with limited ductility, confirming brittle behavior. Electrical tests revealed that Ni maintained excellent conductivity, with resistivity only 2.2% higher than Cu (~ 1.5 × 10−8 Ω m). In contrast, GrNi significantly increased resistivity up to 5.5 × higher especially at 30 sccm CH4, despite yielding the highest graphene quality (ID/IG = 0.87) according to Raman. Salt mist tests revealed that only the NiB and GrNi (60 sccm CH4) exhibited notable corrosion resistance, while others exhibited varying degrees of oxidation or surface degradation. These findings underscore the role of the deposition method: electroplating for superior strength and conductivity; electroless NiB for high yield and corrosion resistance, and graphene integration with the CVD method for tunable properties. The study offers a guideline for tailoring multifunctional coatings on copper conductors in demanding electrical and corrosive environments.

Graphical Abstract