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<p>Concrete is a fundamental and extensively used construction material, comprising cement, aggregates, and water. However, exposure to seawater presents significant challenges to the durability and structural integrity of concrete due to the aggressive actions of magnesium sulfate (MgSO<sub>4</sub>) crystallization and chloride-induced corrosion. This study examines the effects of seawater exposure on the mechanical properties and durability of M45 grade concrete. To assess the concrete’s performance, compressive strength tests, rapid chloride permeability tests (RCPT), and electrochemical polarization studies were conducted on specimens subjected to seawater immersion for various durations (56, 90, 180, 270, and 365&#xa0;days). Furthermore, detailed microstructural, phase, and compositional characterizations were carried out using Laser Raman Spectroscopy (LRS), x-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The findings reveal that the precipitation of salt crystals within cracks and pores acts as a barrier to chloride ingress during prolonged exposure, in natural and continuous seawater.</p>

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Seawater-Induced Corrosion Effects on M45 Concrete: A Long-Term Performance Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • A. Poonguzhali,
  • S. Ningshen,
  • Ashok Kumar,
  • R. Preetha

摘要

Concrete is a fundamental and extensively used construction material, comprising cement, aggregates, and water. However, exposure to seawater presents significant challenges to the durability and structural integrity of concrete due to the aggressive actions of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) crystallization and chloride-induced corrosion. This study examines the effects of seawater exposure on the mechanical properties and durability of M45 grade concrete. To assess the concrete’s performance, compressive strength tests, rapid chloride permeability tests (RCPT), and electrochemical polarization studies were conducted on specimens subjected to seawater immersion for various durations (56, 90, 180, 270, and 365 days). Furthermore, detailed microstructural, phase, and compositional characterizations were carried out using Laser Raman Spectroscopy (LRS), x-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The findings reveal that the precipitation of salt crystals within cracks and pores acts as a barrier to chloride ingress during prolonged exposure, in natural and continuous seawater.