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<p>To address the mechanical reliability and performance degradation of ultra-high-speed laser cladded Inconel 625 alloy caused by severe thermal gradients and rapid solidification, this study systematically investigates the influence of substrate preheating at room temperature, 150&#xa0;°C, and 300&#xa0;°C on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior. Microstructural analysis indicates the room temperature sample is characterized by fine, directionally aligned columnar grains, whereas increasing preheating temperature induces a progressive transition toward columnar dendritic structures, resulting in improved microstructural homogeneity and reduced defect density. In parallel, tribological performance is significantly enhanced, with the 150&#xa0;°C specimen exhibiting the lowest wear volume and a clear shift in wear mechanism from abrasive–adhesive wear to fatigue-induced delamination. Mechanical testing demonstrates that 150&#xa0;°C preheating achieves an optimal strength–ductility balance, with an ultimate tensile strength of 780&#xa0;MPa and yield strength of 655&#xa0;MPa while maintaining an elongation of ~ 6.5%. In contrast, preheating at 300&#xa0;°C reduces yield strength to 586&#xa0;MPa but improves elongation to 8.12%. This behavior correlates with a fracture mode transition from quasi-cleavage to ductile rupture via microvoid coalescence. Overall, low-temperature preheating is shown to be an effective strategy for enhancing the structural reliability and service performance of UHSLC-fabricated IN625 in demanding industrial applications.</p>

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Effects of Substrate Preheating Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Inconel 625 Alloy Fabricated by Ultra-High-Speed Laser Cladding

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Tao Wang,
  • Yuxing Jiang,
  • Xinling Song

摘要

To address the mechanical reliability and performance degradation of ultra-high-speed laser cladded Inconel 625 alloy caused by severe thermal gradients and rapid solidification, this study systematically investigates the influence of substrate preheating at room temperature, 150 °C, and 300 °C on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior. Microstructural analysis indicates the room temperature sample is characterized by fine, directionally aligned columnar grains, whereas increasing preheating temperature induces a progressive transition toward columnar dendritic structures, resulting in improved microstructural homogeneity and reduced defect density. In parallel, tribological performance is significantly enhanced, with the 150 °C specimen exhibiting the lowest wear volume and a clear shift in wear mechanism from abrasive–adhesive wear to fatigue-induced delamination. Mechanical testing demonstrates that 150 °C preheating achieves an optimal strength–ductility balance, with an ultimate tensile strength of 780 MPa and yield strength of 655 MPa while maintaining an elongation of ~ 6.5%. In contrast, preheating at 300 °C reduces yield strength to 586 MPa but improves elongation to 8.12%. This behavior correlates with a fracture mode transition from quasi-cleavage to ductile rupture via microvoid coalescence. Overall, low-temperature preheating is shown to be an effective strategy for enhancing the structural reliability and service performance of UHSLC-fabricated IN625 in demanding industrial applications.