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<p>Maraging steels, particularly 18Ni300, have long been valued for their exceptional strength, toughness, and dimensional stability, making them essential in aerospace, tooling, and high-performance applications. The emergence of laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) as a manufacturing route has enabled unprecedented design flexibility but introduced new complexities in controlling microstructure and mechanical properties. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current understanding of 18Ni300 steel processed by PBF-LB, with an emphasis on the relationships between processing parameters, microstructural evolution, and the resulting mechanical behavior. Part I critically synthesizes recent advances in the characterization of precipitation phenomena, austenite reversion, and defect formation in PBF-LB maraging steels, comparing them to conventionally produced counterparts. The discussion spans the effects of powder quality, oxygen and nitrogen contamination, and laser processing parameters on solidification behavior, porosity, and anisotropy. Mechanical performance is analyzed through tensile, fatigue, and fracture toughness data, highlighting the contributions of aging treatments, retained austenite, and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) to strength and ductility. Part II presents a bibliometric and statistical analysis of nearly 600 publications retrieved from Scopus, mapping the evolution of research themes, collaborations, and methodological trends in the field. The analysis reveals a strong focus on process optimization and mechanical testing, yet a relative scarcity of studies that integrate advanced multiscale characterization and modeling approaches to establish quantitative correlations between processing, microstructure, and properties. The review concludes by identifying key knowledge gaps and future research opportunities, including the need for standardized testing protocols, in situ process monitoring, integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) approaches, and long-term performance assessments. Together, these insights provide a roadmap for advancing the fundamental understanding and technological maturity of PBF-LB maraging steels, supporting their broader adoption in critical structural applications.</p>

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Maraging 300 Steel Processed by PBF-LB: A Brief Review of Its Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Challenges, and Opportunities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • G. C. C. Peinado,
  • D. P. M. Fonseca,
  • J. A. Avila,
  • C. A. R. P. Baptista

摘要

Maraging steels, particularly 18Ni300, have long been valued for their exceptional strength, toughness, and dimensional stability, making them essential in aerospace, tooling, and high-performance applications. The emergence of laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) as a manufacturing route has enabled unprecedented design flexibility but introduced new complexities in controlling microstructure and mechanical properties. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current understanding of 18Ni300 steel processed by PBF-LB, with an emphasis on the relationships between processing parameters, microstructural evolution, and the resulting mechanical behavior. Part I critically synthesizes recent advances in the characterization of precipitation phenomena, austenite reversion, and defect formation in PBF-LB maraging steels, comparing them to conventionally produced counterparts. The discussion spans the effects of powder quality, oxygen and nitrogen contamination, and laser processing parameters on solidification behavior, porosity, and anisotropy. Mechanical performance is analyzed through tensile, fatigue, and fracture toughness data, highlighting the contributions of aging treatments, retained austenite, and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) to strength and ductility. Part II presents a bibliometric and statistical analysis of nearly 600 publications retrieved from Scopus, mapping the evolution of research themes, collaborations, and methodological trends in the field. The analysis reveals a strong focus on process optimization and mechanical testing, yet a relative scarcity of studies that integrate advanced multiscale characterization and modeling approaches to establish quantitative correlations between processing, microstructure, and properties. The review concludes by identifying key knowledge gaps and future research opportunities, including the need for standardized testing protocols, in situ process monitoring, integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) approaches, and long-term performance assessments. Together, these insights provide a roadmap for advancing the fundamental understanding and technological maturity of PBF-LB maraging steels, supporting their broader adoption in critical structural applications.