Scholarlink

<p>Recently, studies have been reported on the effect of scanning strategies (SST) and infill patterns (IP) for fabricating functional prototypes with powder bed fusion (PBF)-laser beam (LB) using virgin 17-4 precipitate hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS). Additionally, studies have reported the reuse of 17-4 PH SS powder from fallow powder in PBF-LB due to its economic and environmental advantages. However, thermal cycling often deteriorates powder quality by forming satellites, oxidizing the surface, and broadening the particle size distribution (PSD). To address this challenge, the present study evaluates thermally conditioned primary recycled 17-4 PH SS powder to determine its potential for achieving strain performance comparable to that of virgin powder. The study highlights the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical strain performance of primary recycled 17-4 PH SS powder, SST, and IP in PBF-LB-based functional parts. The study suggests that heat-treated primary recycled 17-4 PH SS powder resulted in improved sphericity, reduced satellite formations, and a uniform PSD comparable to that of virgin powder, promoting a more ductile microstructure. Tensile specimens were fabricated using octet–rectangular, Weaire–Phelan (WP) strips, and solid–hexagonal (IP-SST) combinations. Conditioned primary recycled 17-4 PH SS powder-based functional prototypes exhibited significantly higher strain, 25% (for octet–rectangular), 18% (for WP strips), and 22% (for solid–hexagonal), compared to the virgin powder. Microstructure, porosity, relative density, and Thermo-Calc simulations (melt pool morphology, phase fractions, thermal gradients, and aspect ratio) consistently supported these trends. Overall, primary recycled 17-4 PH SS powder conditioning coupled with SST–IP design not only restores but also surpasses the mechanical performance of virgin powder due to the introduction of the secondary austenite (FCC_A1#2) phase, offering a sustainable high-ductility pathway for PBF-LB processing due to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

On the Mechanical Strain Tunability of Powder Bed Fusion-Laser Beam-Based Functional Parts Using Virgin and Thermally Conditioned Primary Recycled 17-4 Precipitate Hardened Stainless Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

查看全文
  • Ravinder Singh,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • I. P. S. Ahuja

摘要

Recently, studies have been reported on the effect of scanning strategies (SST) and infill patterns (IP) for fabricating functional prototypes with powder bed fusion (PBF)-laser beam (LB) using virgin 17-4 precipitate hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS). Additionally, studies have reported the reuse of 17-4 PH SS powder from fallow powder in PBF-LB due to its economic and environmental advantages. However, thermal cycling often deteriorates powder quality by forming satellites, oxidizing the surface, and broadening the particle size distribution (PSD). To address this challenge, the present study evaluates thermally conditioned primary recycled 17-4 PH SS powder to determine its potential for achieving strain performance comparable to that of virgin powder. The study highlights the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical strain performance of primary recycled 17-4 PH SS powder, SST, and IP in PBF-LB-based functional parts. The study suggests that heat-treated primary recycled 17-4 PH SS powder resulted in improved sphericity, reduced satellite formations, and a uniform PSD comparable to that of virgin powder, promoting a more ductile microstructure. Tensile specimens were fabricated using octet–rectangular, Weaire–Phelan (WP) strips, and solid–hexagonal (IP-SST) combinations. Conditioned primary recycled 17-4 PH SS powder-based functional prototypes exhibited significantly higher strain, 25% (for octet–rectangular), 18% (for WP strips), and 22% (for solid–hexagonal), compared to the virgin powder. Microstructure, porosity, relative density, and Thermo-Calc simulations (melt pool morphology, phase fractions, thermal gradients, and aspect ratio) consistently supported these trends. Overall, primary recycled 17-4 PH SS powder conditioning coupled with SST–IP design not only restores but also surpasses the mechanical performance of virgin powder due to the introduction of the secondary austenite (FCC_A1#2) phase, offering a sustainable high-ductility pathway for PBF-LB processing due to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect.