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<p>Accurate characterization of material behavior under load is critical, yet conventional engineering stress and strain often misrepresent true material response, particularly during significant plastic deformation and necking. This study presents fabrication and mechanical characterization of a bi-material stainless steel wall composed of SS304 and SS347, produced using wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance of the additively manufactured wall and compare it with wrought SS304 and SS347. The bimetallic wall exhibited comparable mechanical properties, achieving a tensile strength of 556&#xa0;MPa, yield strength of 307&#xa0;MPa, and elongation of 27%. To model the nonlinear elastic–plastic behavior, Ramberg–Osgood (RO) equation was employed, and a sixth-order polynomial fit was applied to the experimental stress–strain data for statistical validation. <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values were determined to be 0.9117 (91.17%) for the dissimilar metal wall, 0.9571 (95.71%) for SS304, and 0.9565 (95.66%) for SS347, indicating a strong correlation between the experimental results and the model predictions across all samples. The strain-hardening exponent (n) for the wall was found to be 8.13, reflecting its plastic deformation characteristics. Fracture occurred on SS304 side, confirming mechanical strength of the SS347 interface.</p>

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Exploring the Behavioral Characteristics of Bi-Material Wall Fabricated via Wire Plus Arc Additive Manufacturing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Dhinakaran Veeman,
  • Kanishkaa Jeevaraj,
  • Mohith Mohan Das,
  • Pechimuthu Arumugaperumal,
  • Micheal Agnelo Browne,
  • Mohan Kumar Subramaniyan

摘要

Accurate characterization of material behavior under load is critical, yet conventional engineering stress and strain often misrepresent true material response, particularly during significant plastic deformation and necking. This study presents fabrication and mechanical characterization of a bi-material stainless steel wall composed of SS304 and SS347, produced using wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance of the additively manufactured wall and compare it with wrought SS304 and SS347. The bimetallic wall exhibited comparable mechanical properties, achieving a tensile strength of 556 MPa, yield strength of 307 MPa, and elongation of 27%. To model the nonlinear elastic–plastic behavior, Ramberg–Osgood (RO) equation was employed, and a sixth-order polynomial fit was applied to the experimental stress–strain data for statistical validation. R2 values were determined to be 0.9117 (91.17%) for the dissimilar metal wall, 0.9571 (95.71%) for SS304, and 0.9565 (95.66%) for SS347, indicating a strong correlation between the experimental results and the model predictions across all samples. The strain-hardening exponent (n) for the wall was found to be 8.13, reflecting its plastic deformation characteristics. Fracture occurred on SS304 side, confirming mechanical strength of the SS347 interface.