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<p>This study examines the reinforcement of styrene-butadiene rubber/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (SBR/NBR) blend composites using unmodified halloysite nanotubes (uHNTs) and silane-modified HNTs, namely [3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane (GPTMS, gHNTs), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, aHNTs), and bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT, tHNTs). The composites were prepared by two-roll mill mixing followed by compression molding, and their curing behavior, mechanical performance, and physical properties were systematically evaluated. Increasing HNT content reduced scorch and optimum cure times while increasing torque values and cure rate index, indicating improved filler–matrix interactions. Tensile strength and stress at 100% elongation increased up to an optimum loading of 6 phr, beyond which agglomeration effects limited further improvement. In contrast, tear strength increased continuously with increasing HNT content due to enhanced resistance to crack initiation and propagation. Among all fillers, tHNT-reinforced composites exhibited the highest overall performance, achieving increases of 212% in tensile strength and 101% in tear strength compared with the unfilled blend, albeit with reduced elongation and rebound resilience. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of tHNTs in strengthening rubber composites.</p>

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Influence of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) and their TESPT-, APTES-, and GPTMS-Modified Forms on the Curing, Mechanical, and Swelling Behavior of SBR/NBR Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • S Praveenkumar,
  • S Vishvanathperumal,
  • KN Ramu,
  • K Manimaran

摘要

This study examines the reinforcement of styrene-butadiene rubber/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (SBR/NBR) blend composites using unmodified halloysite nanotubes (uHNTs) and silane-modified HNTs, namely [3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane (GPTMS, gHNTs), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, aHNTs), and bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT, tHNTs). The composites were prepared by two-roll mill mixing followed by compression molding, and their curing behavior, mechanical performance, and physical properties were systematically evaluated. Increasing HNT content reduced scorch and optimum cure times while increasing torque values and cure rate index, indicating improved filler–matrix interactions. Tensile strength and stress at 100% elongation increased up to an optimum loading of 6 phr, beyond which agglomeration effects limited further improvement. In contrast, tear strength increased continuously with increasing HNT content due to enhanced resistance to crack initiation and propagation. Among all fillers, tHNT-reinforced composites exhibited the highest overall performance, achieving increases of 212% in tensile strength and 101% in tear strength compared with the unfilled blend, albeit with reduced elongation and rebound resilience. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of tHNTs in strengthening rubber composites.