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<p>Engine mounts require materials that combine static load bearing capacity with effective vibration damping. This study examines styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites modified with novolac resin and nano-sized SiO<sub>2</sub> to optimize the balance between stiffness, compression resistance, damping, and resilience for automotive mounts. SBR compounds containing 0–50 pphr novolac and 0–50 pphr nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> (various particle sizes) were prepared and characterized. Morphology was examined using SEM; crosslink density and swelling tests were used to assess network formation. Mechanical testing included compression deformation, elastic modulus, fatigue life, and rebound resilience. Viscoelastic behavior was evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (tan <i>δ</i> versus temperature). SEM and swelling results indicate increased heterogeneity, filler agglomeration at high loadings, and higher cross link density with novolac and silica. Novolac increased the elastic modulus from 2&#xa0;MPa (neat SBR) to 9.7&#xa0;MPa (50 pphr) and reduced compression deformation from 2.8 to 0.35&#xa0;mm. The addition of 80&#xa0;nm SiO<sub>2</sub> (30–45 pphr) further improved compression resistance (minimum 1.3&#xa0;mm) and modulus (5.5&#xa0;MPa). These reinforcements caused a moderate reduction in rebound resilience (from 63 to 54% at optimal silica loading). DMA showed reduced but broadened tan <i>δ</i> peaks for filled composites (0.8–0.9 versus 1.0 for unfilled SBR), indicating preserved, temperature-broadened damping. The optimal formulation (10 pphr novolac + 30–45 pphr nano-SiO<sub>2</sub>) delivers significantly improved static stiffness and compression resistance while maintaining acceptable resilience and enhanced vibration attenuation due to increased hysteresis. The composition is tunable (e.g., filler content or surface treatment) to meet specific resilience or damping requirements for engine-mount applications.</p>

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Dual-Phase Strengthening of Styrene–Butadiene Rubber for Automotive Engine Mounts: Tailoring Novolac Resin and Nano-silica Synergy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Raheem Abd Jeber,
  • Abduljabar H. Ali,
  • A. Najah Saud,
  • Erkan Koç,
  • Mohammed H. Al Maamori

摘要

Engine mounts require materials that combine static load bearing capacity with effective vibration damping. This study examines styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites modified with novolac resin and nano-sized SiO2 to optimize the balance between stiffness, compression resistance, damping, and resilience for automotive mounts. SBR compounds containing 0–50 pphr novolac and 0–50 pphr nano-SiO2 (various particle sizes) were prepared and characterized. Morphology was examined using SEM; crosslink density and swelling tests were used to assess network formation. Mechanical testing included compression deformation, elastic modulus, fatigue life, and rebound resilience. Viscoelastic behavior was evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (tan δ versus temperature). SEM and swelling results indicate increased heterogeneity, filler agglomeration at high loadings, and higher cross link density with novolac and silica. Novolac increased the elastic modulus from 2 MPa (neat SBR) to 9.7 MPa (50 pphr) and reduced compression deformation from 2.8 to 0.35 mm. The addition of 80 nm SiO2 (30–45 pphr) further improved compression resistance (minimum 1.3 mm) and modulus (5.5 MPa). These reinforcements caused a moderate reduction in rebound resilience (from 63 to 54% at optimal silica loading). DMA showed reduced but broadened tan δ peaks for filled composites (0.8–0.9 versus 1.0 for unfilled SBR), indicating preserved, temperature-broadened damping. The optimal formulation (10 pphr novolac + 30–45 pphr nano-SiO2) delivers significantly improved static stiffness and compression resistance while maintaining acceptable resilience and enhanced vibration attenuation due to increased hysteresis. The composition is tunable (e.g., filler content or surface treatment) to meet specific resilience or damping requirements for engine-mount applications.