<p>Tantalum has a wide range of applications in the field of bone implantation because of its excellent biocompatibility. However, the presence of a passivation film on the surface of pure tantalum increases its surface corrosion resistance but also delays its rapid integration with bone tissue. Microarc oxidation technology is widely used in the field of surface modification of medical materials because of its ability to prepare porous rough structures on the surface and introduce active elements. In this study, a porous coating was prepared on the surface of tantalum via microarc oxidation, and biologically active calcium and phosphorus were introduced onto the tantalum surface. The surface morphology, structure, elemental composition, surface topography, roughness, and hydrophilicity of the coating were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), an atomic force microscope (AFM), a profilometer, and static contact angle measurements. An electrochemical workstation was used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the coatings. The adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts on the coating surface were observed through in vitro cell experiments. The results showed that calcium and phosphorus were successfully introduced into the tantalum surface through microarc oxidation and that the doping of calcium and phosphorus did not change the surface morphology or phase composition of the coating. More importantly, this coating improves the roughness, hydrophilicity, and corrosion resistance of tantalum. Osteoblasts not only have good adhesion and stretching properties on the coating surface, but also promote their proliferation. The results indicate that the calcium- and phosphorus-doped porous coating on the tantalum surface has not only good surface morphology, but also favorable biocompatibility and bioactivity. This study provides a preferred strategy for improving the bioactivity of tantalum implants.</p>