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<p>To overcome the inherent limitations of Ag–SnO<sub>2</sub> electrical contact materials, this study employed a combined strategy of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doping and hot pressing sintering, establishing a direct interrelationship among material composition, microstructural evolution, electrical conductivity, and microstrain. Four Ag–SnO<sub>2</sub>–In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powder compositions were synthesized, and the effects of conventional sintering versus hot pressing sintering on microstructure and functional properties were systematically investigated. Results show that hot pressing sintering enables near-complete densification (99% relative density) and significantly improves hardness by 42.5% (57.3HV), primarily by suppressing interfacial porosity and refining microstructural uniformity. Optimal In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> addition (4&#xa0;wt%) not only facilitates homogeneous phase distribution but also minimizes bulk resistivity (2.52 × 10<sup>−6</sup>&#xa0;O·cm), leading to the highest electrical conductivity (3.98 × 10<sup>5</sup>&#xa0;S/cm). Rietveld refinement reveals a pronounced reduction in microstrain (0.01% for In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 1.7% for SnO<sub>2</sub>) in the best-performing samples, directly linking lattice relaxation and phase stability to enhanced electron mobility. This mechanistic insight provides a foundation for the rational design and optimization of advanced Ag-based electrical contact materials.</p>

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Microstructural Evolution and Conductivity Enhancement in Ternary Ag–SnO2–In2O3 Composites via Hot Pressing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Meihua Bian,
  • Yuyin He,
  • Shanquan Deng,
  • Junwei Zhu,
  • Jianing Peng

摘要

To overcome the inherent limitations of Ag–SnO2 electrical contact materials, this study employed a combined strategy of In2O3 doping and hot pressing sintering, establishing a direct interrelationship among material composition, microstructural evolution, electrical conductivity, and microstrain. Four Ag–SnO2–In2O3 powder compositions were synthesized, and the effects of conventional sintering versus hot pressing sintering on microstructure and functional properties were systematically investigated. Results show that hot pressing sintering enables near-complete densification (99% relative density) and significantly improves hardness by 42.5% (57.3HV), primarily by suppressing interfacial porosity and refining microstructural uniformity. Optimal In2O3 addition (4 wt%) not only facilitates homogeneous phase distribution but also minimizes bulk resistivity (2.52 × 10−6 O·cm), leading to the highest electrical conductivity (3.98 × 105 S/cm). Rietveld refinement reveals a pronounced reduction in microstrain (0.01% for In2O3, 1.7% for SnO2) in the best-performing samples, directly linking lattice relaxation and phase stability to enhanced electron mobility. This mechanistic insight provides a foundation for the rational design and optimization of advanced Ag-based electrical contact materials.