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<p>M54 ultra-high strength steel provides a cost-efficient alternative to AerMet 100 steel by reducing cobalt content and adding tungsten and vanadium. This study comprehensively evaluated how sequential heat treatments, such as austenitization, cryogenic treatment, and tempering, affect microstructure evolution, mechanical performance, hydrogen diffusion, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of M54 steel. Microstructural analysis confirmed that austenitization significantly refined the grain structure, while subsequent cryogenic treatment obviously reduced the retained austenite. Subsequent tempering promoted the formation of reversed austenite and M<sub>2</sub>C carbides, achieving high yield strength and plasticity of M54 steel. Meanwhile, hydrogen permeation tests revealed that untempered M54 steel exhibited the highest hydrogen diffusivity, whereas tempering minimized the hydrogen diffusion rate by the formation of reversed austenite and M<sub>2</sub>C carbides. Critically, SCC resistance correlated strongly with heat treatment. Tempering significantly enhanced the SCC resistance by suppressing hydrogen diffusion. Omitting cryogenic treatment before tempering could reduce SCC resistance of M54 steel.</p>

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Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Stress Corrosion Cracking of M54 Ultra-High Strength Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Xinjian Ma,
  • Lijin Dong,
  • Jiuyun Liu,
  • Chengchuan Wu,
  • Huaibei Zheng,
  • Tingyao Liu,
  • Qinying Wang,
  • Li Liu

摘要

M54 ultra-high strength steel provides a cost-efficient alternative to AerMet 100 steel by reducing cobalt content and adding tungsten and vanadium. This study comprehensively evaluated how sequential heat treatments, such as austenitization, cryogenic treatment, and tempering, affect microstructure evolution, mechanical performance, hydrogen diffusion, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of M54 steel. Microstructural analysis confirmed that austenitization significantly refined the grain structure, while subsequent cryogenic treatment obviously reduced the retained austenite. Subsequent tempering promoted the formation of reversed austenite and M2C carbides, achieving high yield strength and plasticity of M54 steel. Meanwhile, hydrogen permeation tests revealed that untempered M54 steel exhibited the highest hydrogen diffusivity, whereas tempering minimized the hydrogen diffusion rate by the formation of reversed austenite and M2C carbides. Critically, SCC resistance correlated strongly with heat treatment. Tempering significantly enhanced the SCC resistance by suppressing hydrogen diffusion. Omitting cryogenic treatment before tempering could reduce SCC resistance of M54 steel.