<p>An Al/W composite layer was fabricated on an aluminum alloy substrate via laser selective alloying. By designing spatially controlled alloying regions, the distributions of the composite layer and molten aluminum were effectively modulated to investigate the current-carrying wear behavior. Phase analysis indicated that the composite layer consisted primarily of Al, W, and Al₄W. Owing to the presence of hard reinforcement phases, the microhardness of the composite layer was approximately 34.5% greater than that of the substrate, which improved the load-bearing capacity and mitigated material removal during sliding. Compared with the unalloyed aluminum alloy substrate, specimens incorporating the Al/W composite layer exhibited a 33.7-66.8% reduction in the wear rate, accompanied by a 21.6-33.7% decrease in the adhered aluminum thickness on the copper pins. In the selected alloying structures, the composite layer regions primarily served as load-bearing zones, whereas the aluminum alloy matrix regions contributed to lubrication through the formation of a molten aluminum film, thereby alleviating abrasive wear. The better overall current-carrying wear performance was achieved when the composite layer covered 50% of the surface area, where mechanical support from the hard phases and lubrication from molten aluminum were optimally balanced.</p>