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<p>Orthopedic and biomedical implants are predominantly made up of titanium alloys, Co-Cr alloys and different types of steels such as AISI 2205, AISI 2507, SUS321, TRIP, AISI 304 etc. The long term success of biomedical implants depends on the bioactivity and corrosion behavior of the metal in addition to the mechanical strength. Stainless steel AISI 316L is widely used material in the field of orthopedics due to its mechanical strength and affordability but its poor resistance to corrosion and bioactivity remains an issue. To resolve these challenges, surface modifications using Nano-scaled ceramics has gained rising attention. In this study, TiO<sub>2</sub> nano-particles fabricated using Moringa olifera leaf extract and Hydroxyapatite derived from egg shells bio-waste were deposited individually and as a composite onto AISI 316L substrates using Dip-coating method which is a low cost and scalable technique. Among the three coating compositions, the HAp-TiO<sub>2</sub> composite demonstrated the improved morphology and electrochemical performance. EDS and SEM analysis revealed expected elemental composition and crack-free, uniform morphology. XRD and FTIR confirmed the crystalline phases along with the characteristic functional groups of the fabricated materials. Contact angle analysis measurements for composite was 110.725º which showed that incorporation of HAp into TiO<sub>2</sub> matrix can increase wettability of the surface. Electrochemical analysis in 0.9% NaCl solution also revealed that composite coating had improved corrosion resistance among the three coating compositions. OCP measurements showed increased passivation of composite coated sample. From PDP moderate values of corrosion potential (− 1.32&#xa0;mV/SCE) and corrosion current density (5.83 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>) were obtained. Moreover, it showed favorable anodic (βa = 0.094&#xa0;V/Decade) and cathodic (βc = 0.111&#xa0;V/Decade) tafel slopes, lowest corrosion rate of 2.541 mpy, moderate polarization resistance (Rp = 3.9 × 10<sup>−3</sup> Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>) and passive potential (Epp) of 0.041&#xa0;V. All these results suggest significant enhancement in morphological integrity, electrochemical stability and corrosion protection of AISI 316L substrate with HAp-TiO<sub>2</sub> composite, making it a viable option for biomedical applications.</p>

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Biomimetic Surface Functionalization of Stainless Steel AISI 316L Using Nano-Structured Titania and Hydroxyapatite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Maryam Fatima,
  • Syed Faraz Jawed,
  • Izaan-Ur-Rehman Kidwai,
  • Muhammad Daniyal,
  • Muhammad Humaiz Nawaid,
  • Muhammad Rizwan,
  • Eraj Humayun Mirza

摘要

Orthopedic and biomedical implants are predominantly made up of titanium alloys, Co-Cr alloys and different types of steels such as AISI 2205, AISI 2507, SUS321, TRIP, AISI 304 etc. The long term success of biomedical implants depends on the bioactivity and corrosion behavior of the metal in addition to the mechanical strength. Stainless steel AISI 316L is widely used material in the field of orthopedics due to its mechanical strength and affordability but its poor resistance to corrosion and bioactivity remains an issue. To resolve these challenges, surface modifications using Nano-scaled ceramics has gained rising attention. In this study, TiO2 nano-particles fabricated using Moringa olifera leaf extract and Hydroxyapatite derived from egg shells bio-waste were deposited individually and as a composite onto AISI 316L substrates using Dip-coating method which is a low cost and scalable technique. Among the three coating compositions, the HAp-TiO2 composite demonstrated the improved morphology and electrochemical performance. EDS and SEM analysis revealed expected elemental composition and crack-free, uniform morphology. XRD and FTIR confirmed the crystalline phases along with the characteristic functional groups of the fabricated materials. Contact angle analysis measurements for composite was 110.725º which showed that incorporation of HAp into TiO2 matrix can increase wettability of the surface. Electrochemical analysis in 0.9% NaCl solution also revealed that composite coating had improved corrosion resistance among the three coating compositions. OCP measurements showed increased passivation of composite coated sample. From PDP moderate values of corrosion potential (− 1.32 mV/SCE) and corrosion current density (5.83 μA/cm2) were obtained. Moreover, it showed favorable anodic (βa = 0.094 V/Decade) and cathodic (βc = 0.111 V/Decade) tafel slopes, lowest corrosion rate of 2.541 mpy, moderate polarization resistance (Rp = 3.9 × 10−3 Ω·cm2) and passive potential (Epp) of 0.041 V. All these results suggest significant enhancement in morphological integrity, electrochemical stability and corrosion protection of AISI 316L substrate with HAp-TiO2 composite, making it a viable option for biomedical applications.