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<p>This study investigates the local flow properties of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), weld metal (WM), and base metal (BM) regions across an austenitic stainless&#xa0;steel weld joint through ball indentation (BI) tests using spherical indenters of diameter Ø0.7, Ø1.0, and Ø1.5&#xa0;mm, at ambient temperature. The load–indentation depth responses of the HAZ, WM, and BM measured from the Ø0.7 and Ø1.0&#xa0;mm indenters exhibited a consistent trend, while the response measured from the Ø1.5&#xa0;mm indenter showed significant deviation in the HAZ. Consequently, similar consistency and deviation were observed in the BI-derived true stress–true plastic strain curves. The constraint factor index (α), used to correlate the mean indentation pressure with true stress, varied with indenter size. When the indenter size-dependent α was used, the flow properties and hardness values evaluated from Ø0.7, Ø1.0, and Ø1.5&#xa0;mm indenters were in reasonably good agreement across all the regions, except for the HAZ region evaluated from the Ø1.5&#xa0;mm indenter. The finite element (FE) analysis of deformation around the indentation revealed that the plastic zones associated with the Ø0.7 and Ø1.0&#xa0;mm indenters were confined well within the HAZ, validating their suitability for the flow properties and hardness measurement. In contrast, the plastic zone size associated with the Ø1.5&#xa0;mm indenter exceeded the width of the HAZ, thereby incorporating the influence of neighboring microstructures and consequently rendering it unsuitable for accurately measuring the flow properties and hardness of the HAZ. The study demonstrates the importance of selecting an appropriate indenter size and utilizing the corresponding constraint factor for accurate measurements of flow properties of regions across the weld joint, particularly of the HAZ.</p>

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On the Characterization of Local Flow Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Joint from Ball Indentation Tests

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Naveena,
  • M. Das,
  • Murtuja Husain,
  • S. Tarafder,
  • S. Sivaprasad

摘要

This study investigates the local flow properties of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), weld metal (WM), and base metal (BM) regions across an austenitic stainless steel weld joint through ball indentation (BI) tests using spherical indenters of diameter Ø0.7, Ø1.0, and Ø1.5 mm, at ambient temperature. The load–indentation depth responses of the HAZ, WM, and BM measured from the Ø0.7 and Ø1.0 mm indenters exhibited a consistent trend, while the response measured from the Ø1.5 mm indenter showed significant deviation in the HAZ. Consequently, similar consistency and deviation were observed in the BI-derived true stress–true plastic strain curves. The constraint factor index (α), used to correlate the mean indentation pressure with true stress, varied with indenter size. When the indenter size-dependent α was used, the flow properties and hardness values evaluated from Ø0.7, Ø1.0, and Ø1.5 mm indenters were in reasonably good agreement across all the regions, except for the HAZ region evaluated from the Ø1.5 mm indenter. The finite element (FE) analysis of deformation around the indentation revealed that the plastic zones associated with the Ø0.7 and Ø1.0 mm indenters were confined well within the HAZ, validating their suitability for the flow properties and hardness measurement. In contrast, the plastic zone size associated with the Ø1.5 mm indenter exceeded the width of the HAZ, thereby incorporating the influence of neighboring microstructures and consequently rendering it unsuitable for accurately measuring the flow properties and hardness of the HAZ. The study demonstrates the importance of selecting an appropriate indenter size and utilizing the corresponding constraint factor for accurate measurements of flow properties of regions across the weld joint, particularly of the HAZ.