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<p>This study investigates mechanical properties and permeability evolution in fractured limestone before and after grouting during complete stress–strain processes. We conduct triaxial seepage tests on double-fissured specimens with 15, 45, and 75° under confining pressures of 10, 20, and 30&#xa0;MPa. These tests reveal strength, deformation characteristics, and permeability evolution under coupled hydro-mechanical effects. Test results demonstrate that specimens containing fissures with 15-75° and confining pressures from 10 to 30&#xa0;MPa critically govern the compressive strength and permeability of limestone in complete stress–strain permeability tests, both before and after grouting. Analysis of double parallel fractures shows: Both unfilled and filled specimens exhibit increased compressive strength and permeability with higher dip angles. Higher confining pressures elevate compressive strength but reduce permeability. Grouting significantly enhances rock strength and effective stress. Failure intensity escalates with dip angles in both fractured limestone and grouted specimens. High-angle fractures develop vertical cracks. Grouted specimens show limited prepeak permeability reduction. Permeability drops sharply post-peak. Unfilled fissured limestone reaches its maximum permeability in the post-peak stage, while its permeability is minimal during the linear-elastic stage. Unfilled specimens with 45° exhibit double-peak permeability. Grouting suppresses this phenomenon. These tests reveal intrinsic connections between fracture dip angles, confining pressures, and the hydro-mechanical properties of limestone both before and after grouting.</p>

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Mechanical Properties and Permeability Evolution of Double-Fissured Limestone Before and After Grouting under Complete Stress–Strain Path

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Ximing Luo,
  • Yanlin Zhao,
  • Lianyang Zhang,
  • Rui Luo,
  • Zhen Tan,
  • Yingjie Zhang,
  • Tianyan Li,
  • Minzhen Zhang

摘要

This study investigates mechanical properties and permeability evolution in fractured limestone before and after grouting during complete stress–strain processes. We conduct triaxial seepage tests on double-fissured specimens with 15, 45, and 75° under confining pressures of 10, 20, and 30 MPa. These tests reveal strength, deformation characteristics, and permeability evolution under coupled hydro-mechanical effects. Test results demonstrate that specimens containing fissures with 15-75° and confining pressures from 10 to 30 MPa critically govern the compressive strength and permeability of limestone in complete stress–strain permeability tests, both before and after grouting. Analysis of double parallel fractures shows: Both unfilled and filled specimens exhibit increased compressive strength and permeability with higher dip angles. Higher confining pressures elevate compressive strength but reduce permeability. Grouting significantly enhances rock strength and effective stress. Failure intensity escalates with dip angles in both fractured limestone and grouted specimens. High-angle fractures develop vertical cracks. Grouted specimens show limited prepeak permeability reduction. Permeability drops sharply post-peak. Unfilled fissured limestone reaches its maximum permeability in the post-peak stage, while its permeability is minimal during the linear-elastic stage. Unfilled specimens with 45° exhibit double-peak permeability. Grouting suppresses this phenomenon. These tests reveal intrinsic connections between fracture dip angles, confining pressures, and the hydro-mechanical properties of limestone both before and after grouting.