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<p>The advancement of mechanical metamaterials, which emerged from developments in metamaterials research three decades ago, has rapidly evolved into engineered cellular structures that exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties. In this work, we investigated various techniques for design and production, with a particular focus on 3D printing and the utilization of composite materials, with the aim of achieving mechanical metamaterial structures for sports equipment. The study primarily concentrates on attaining unconventional values for familiar mechanical parameters, such as density, Poisson’s ratio, compressibility, and modulus of elasticity. Mechanical tests were conducted to validate the parameters. This study has effectively demonstrated the promising potential of incorporating metamaterials in sports equipment design, such as soles and shin guards. The developed designs and fabricated models demonstrated significant enhancements compared with traditional materials. This study investigates the mechanical properties of metamaterials, focusing on the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and density. Young’s modulus values highlight the flexibility and elasticity of the materials, with honeycomb and gyroid models showing the highest rigidity at 50% infill. Poisson’s ratio distinguishes between auxetic and non-auxetic metamaterials, with positive values indicating non-auxetic behavior in honeycomb models and negative values suggesting auxetic behavior in gyroid models, where Poisson’s ratio is negative at the values (-0.37 and -0.29). Density measurements revealed the potential advantages of reducing the overall material weight. Understanding these properties is crucial for optimizing metamaterial design for various applications, from structural engineering to manufacturing of sports equipment.</p>

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Design and Experimental Validation of Mechanical Metamaterials Using 3D-Printed TPU for Biomechanical Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Zinelabiddine Mezache,
  • Abdelaziz Faci,
  • Dzo Mawuefa Serge Afenyiveh,
  • Prabhu Paramasivam,
  • Enas Ali,
  • Sherif S. M. Ghoneim,
  • Ramy N. R. Ghaly

摘要

The advancement of mechanical metamaterials, which emerged from developments in metamaterials research three decades ago, has rapidly evolved into engineered cellular structures that exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties. In this work, we investigated various techniques for design and production, with a particular focus on 3D printing and the utilization of composite materials, with the aim of achieving mechanical metamaterial structures for sports equipment. The study primarily concentrates on attaining unconventional values for familiar mechanical parameters, such as density, Poisson’s ratio, compressibility, and modulus of elasticity. Mechanical tests were conducted to validate the parameters. This study has effectively demonstrated the promising potential of incorporating metamaterials in sports equipment design, such as soles and shin guards. The developed designs and fabricated models demonstrated significant enhancements compared with traditional materials. This study investigates the mechanical properties of metamaterials, focusing on the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and density. Young’s modulus values highlight the flexibility and elasticity of the materials, with honeycomb and gyroid models showing the highest rigidity at 50% infill. Poisson’s ratio distinguishes between auxetic and non-auxetic metamaterials, with positive values indicating non-auxetic behavior in honeycomb models and negative values suggesting auxetic behavior in gyroid models, where Poisson’s ratio is negative at the values (-0.37 and -0.29). Density measurements revealed the potential advantages of reducing the overall material weight. Understanding these properties is crucial for optimizing metamaterial design for various applications, from structural engineering to manufacturing of sports equipment.