This study focuses on Cr-Ni-Mo alloy steel used for high-speed train brake disks, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is used to observe the morphology and measure the size of the second phases, identification of the second phases is conducted using energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and electron diffraction methods. In this paper, a method for analyzing the matching relationship of incompletely parallel crystal planes by using high-resolution electronic image and its fast Fourier transform (FFT) image is proposed, the calculation formula of the misfit is modified to adapt to the calculation of the misfit for incompletely parallel crystal planes, and the rationality of this method is explained by dislocation theory. By this method, the matching relationship between matrix and different second phases in Cr-Ni-Mo alloy steel for high-speed train brake disk is analyzed, the results show that morphology of the second phase in Cr-Ni-Mo alloy steel is mainly elliptical and rod-shaped, through EDS combined with electron diffraction analysis, the elliptical second phase is Mn-containing M23C6, the rod-like second phase is Mn-containing M7C3. Based on orientation relationship and misfit analysis, the crystal plane of M23C6 that matches with the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left( {1\overline{1}\overline{2}} \right)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mover> <mn>1</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mover> <mn>2</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> crystal plane of matrix is the <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left( {\overline{2}2\overline{2}} \right)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mover> <mn>2</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mn>2</mn> <mover> <mn>2</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the crystal plane of M7C3 that matches with the <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left( {1\overline{1}\overline{2}} \right)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mover> <mn>1</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mover> <mn>2</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> crystal plane of matrix is the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left( {3\overline{3}3} \right)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mover> <mn>3</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. However, the <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left( {1\overline{1}\overline{2}} \right)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mover> <mn>1</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mover> <mn>2</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> crystal plane and the <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left( {\overline{2}2\overline{2}} \right)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mover> <mn>2</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mn>2</mn> <mover> <mn>2</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left( {3\overline{3}3} \right)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mover> <mn>3</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> crystal planes are not completely parallel, the orientation difference can be adjusted by dislocations in matrix, which is similar to tilting grain boundaries, through the comparison of interface energy and grain boundary energy, it is found that adjusting the orientation difference between incompletely parallel crystal planes through dislocations in matrix will not increase the energy of system.

Matching Relationship Between Matrix and Second Phases of Cr-Ni-Mo Alloy Steel for High-Speed Train Brake Disc

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发表日期：

2025年12月8日

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Kang Hao,
Jia Yubo,
Liu Ning,
Feng Gangzhen,
Wang Yaqi

摘要

This study focuses on Cr-Ni-Mo alloy steel used for high-speed train brake disks, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is used to observe the morphology and measure the size of the second phases, identification of the second phases is conducted using energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and electron diffraction methods. In this paper, a method for analyzing the matching relationship of incompletely parallel crystal planes by using high-resolution electronic image and its fast Fourier transform (FFT) image is proposed, the calculation formula of the misfit is modified to adapt to the calculation of the misfit for incompletely parallel crystal planes, and the rationality of this method is explained by dislocation theory. By this method, the matching relationship between matrix and different second phases in Cr-Ni-Mo alloy steel for high-speed train brake disk is analyzed, the results show that morphology of the second phase in Cr-Ni-Mo alloy steel is mainly elliptical and rod-shaped, through EDS combined with electron diffraction analysis, the elliptical second phase is Mn-containing M₂₃C₆, the rod-like second phase is Mn-containing M₇C₃. Based on orientation relationship and misfit analysis, the crystal plane of M₂₃C₆ that matches with the $\left( {1\overline{1}\overline{2}} \right)$ $(1 \bar{1} \bar{2})$ crystal plane of matrix is the $\left( {\overline{2}2\overline{2}} \right)$ $(\bar{2} 2 \bar{2})$ , the crystal plane of M₇C₃ that matches with the $\left( {1\overline{1}\overline{2}} \right)$ $(1 \bar{1} \bar{2})$ crystal plane of matrix is the $\left( {3\overline{3}3} \right)$ $(3 \bar{3} 3)$ . However, the $\left( {1\overline{1}\overline{2}} \right)$ $(1 \bar{1} \bar{2})$ crystal plane and the $\left( {\overline{2}2\overline{2}} \right)$ $(\bar{2} 2 \bar{2})$ , $\left( {3\overline{3}3} \right)$ $(3 \bar{3} 3)$ crystal planes are not completely parallel, the orientation difference can be adjusted by dislocations in matrix, which is similar to tilting grain boundaries, through the comparison of interface energy and grain boundary energy, it is found that adjusting the orientation difference between incompletely parallel crystal planes through dislocations in matrix will not increase the energy of system.