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<p>The advent of additive manufacturing, particularly Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), has revolutionized the fabrication of TPU components by enabling complex geometries and customized properties. This study investigates the influence of 3D printing parameters such as print speed (PS), layer height (LH), and infill pattern on the mechanical properties of two thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) grades: TPU-87A and TPU-95A. Using a range of mechanical tests, including density measurement, tensile testing, compression testing, flexural testing, and impact testing, this research evaluates how variations in these parameters affect material performance. Tensile testing showed that TPU-87A reached a maximum tensile strength of 6.38&#xa0;MPa and modulus of 6.7&#xa0;MPa, while TPU-95A achieved 13.83 and 3.3&#xa0;MPa, respectively. Under compression, TPU-87A exhibited a maximum strength of 16&#xa0;MPa and modulus of 23&#xa0;MPa, whereas TPU-95A attained 18 and 38.88&#xa0;MPa. Flexural tests revealed peak strengths of 4.5 and 10.68&#xa0;MPa for TPU-87A and TPU-95A, with corresponding moduli of 23.5 and 70&#xa0;MPa. Impact resistance further differentiated the two grades: most TPU-87A samples fractured under 25&#xa0;J, except one rectilinear sample at 40&#xa0;mm/s and 0.15&#xa0;mm, while all TPU-95A samples absorbed 25&#xa0;J without failure. These findings emphasize the role of material grade and process optimization in tailoring TPU structures for functional applications in flexible robotics, protective equipment, and load-bearing components.</p>

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Experimental Investigation of 3D Printing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of TPU-87A and TPU-95A

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Mohit Kumar Pandey,
  • Abhishek Kumar,
  • R. Sujithra

摘要

The advent of additive manufacturing, particularly Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), has revolutionized the fabrication of TPU components by enabling complex geometries and customized properties. This study investigates the influence of 3D printing parameters such as print speed (PS), layer height (LH), and infill pattern on the mechanical properties of two thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) grades: TPU-87A and TPU-95A. Using a range of mechanical tests, including density measurement, tensile testing, compression testing, flexural testing, and impact testing, this research evaluates how variations in these parameters affect material performance. Tensile testing showed that TPU-87A reached a maximum tensile strength of 6.38 MPa and modulus of 6.7 MPa, while TPU-95A achieved 13.83 and 3.3 MPa, respectively. Under compression, TPU-87A exhibited a maximum strength of 16 MPa and modulus of 23 MPa, whereas TPU-95A attained 18 and 38.88 MPa. Flexural tests revealed peak strengths of 4.5 and 10.68 MPa for TPU-87A and TPU-95A, with corresponding moduli of 23.5 and 70 MPa. Impact resistance further differentiated the two grades: most TPU-87A samples fractured under 25 J, except one rectilinear sample at 40 mm/s and 0.15 mm, while all TPU-95A samples absorbed 25 J without failure. These findings emphasize the role of material grade and process optimization in tailoring TPU structures for functional applications in flexible robotics, protective equipment, and load-bearing components.