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<p>The wear behavior of hot-forged and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-manufactured 18Ni300 maraging steel is studied in the as-received and post-processed conditions. Post-processing involves heat treatment at 490&#xa0;°C for 6 hours, followed by plasma nitriding at the same temperature and duration. The LPBF sample first displays the cellular structure, which is then partially deteriorated by heat treatment. In contrast, martensite blocks are visible in both as-received and heat-treated conditions of the hot-forged sample. Plasma nitriding results in a deeper case depth in LPBF samples due to their higher dislocation and grain boundary densities, enhancing nitrogen diffusion. Wear tests at 20 N for 30 minutes show that LPBF samples have ~ 14 and ~ 11% lower specific wear rates than hot-forged samples in as-received and heat-treated conditions, respectively. Heat treatment alone reduces the wear rates by ~ 50%, while plasma nitriding further reduces them by ~ 81% in as-received and ~ 59% in heat-treated conditions. Hall–Petch and precipitation strengthening are responsible for improved wear resistance in as-received and heat-treated samples, respectively. XRD spectra confirm ε-Fe<sub>3</sub>N and γ′-Fe<sub>4</sub>N nitrides. The increased hardness is responsible for the transformation from a mixed adhesive-abrasive wear mechanism to abrasive dominance. This study highlights the critical role of processing routes and post-processing in maximizing the wear performance.</p>

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Comparative Wear Behavior of Hot-Forged and Laser Powder Bed Fusion-Manufactured 18Ni300 Maraging Steel in Pre- and Post-processed Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Ashwani Chaudhary,
  • Amey Parnaik,
  • Ruslan Mendagaliev,
  • Marina Gushchina,
  • Priyanka Nadig,
  • R. L. Narayan

摘要

The wear behavior of hot-forged and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-manufactured 18Ni300 maraging steel is studied in the as-received and post-processed conditions. Post-processing involves heat treatment at 490 °C for 6 hours, followed by plasma nitriding at the same temperature and duration. The LPBF sample first displays the cellular structure, which is then partially deteriorated by heat treatment. In contrast, martensite blocks are visible in both as-received and heat-treated conditions of the hot-forged sample. Plasma nitriding results in a deeper case depth in LPBF samples due to their higher dislocation and grain boundary densities, enhancing nitrogen diffusion. Wear tests at 20 N for 30 minutes show that LPBF samples have ~ 14 and ~ 11% lower specific wear rates than hot-forged samples in as-received and heat-treated conditions, respectively. Heat treatment alone reduces the wear rates by ~ 50%, while plasma nitriding further reduces them by ~ 81% in as-received and ~ 59% in heat-treated conditions. Hall–Petch and precipitation strengthening are responsible for improved wear resistance in as-received and heat-treated samples, respectively. XRD spectra confirm ε-Fe3N and γ′-Fe4N nitrides. The increased hardness is responsible for the transformation from a mixed adhesive-abrasive wear mechanism to abrasive dominance. This study highlights the critical role of processing routes and post-processing in maximizing the wear performance.