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<p>TC4 titanium alloy is widely used in aerospace, ocean-going marine, and automotive manufacturing due to its excellent overall performance and weldability. This study conducted double-sided laser welding experiments on 9-mm-thick TC4 titanium alloy plates to analyze the weld morphology, residual stress, and mechanical properties. A 3D thermomechanical finite element model was developed in ABAQUS to simulate the welding process, examining the temperature and stress field distribution. The results demonstrate strong morphological agreement between the simulated molten zone and experimental measurements, with temperature and stress fields symmetrically distributed along the weld seam. The stress profile displays an M-shaped pattern, with peak stress reaching approximately 895&#xa0;MPa near the weld seam. Meanwhile, the experimental and simulation results agree well with an average error of about 7%. Microstructural analysis reveals that coarse columnar β phase grains are generated in the weld region, leading to significant stress and microhardness gradients, reducing the mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of joint UTS decreases from 1025.7&#xa0;MPa (base material) to 882&#xa0;MPa, while average elongation (EL) drops from 8.96 to 1.24%. These results provide valuable insights for optimizing welding and heat treatment processes of titanium alloy components in engineering applications.</p>

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Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Double-Sided Laser Welded Joints of TC4 Titanium Alloy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Yun Zhang,
  • Kang Gao,
  • Beijia Hu,
  • Lingyun Qin

摘要

TC4 titanium alloy is widely used in aerospace, ocean-going marine, and automotive manufacturing due to its excellent overall performance and weldability. This study conducted double-sided laser welding experiments on 9-mm-thick TC4 titanium alloy plates to analyze the weld morphology, residual stress, and mechanical properties. A 3D thermomechanical finite element model was developed in ABAQUS to simulate the welding process, examining the temperature and stress field distribution. The results demonstrate strong morphological agreement between the simulated molten zone and experimental measurements, with temperature and stress fields symmetrically distributed along the weld seam. The stress profile displays an M-shaped pattern, with peak stress reaching approximately 895 MPa near the weld seam. Meanwhile, the experimental and simulation results agree well with an average error of about 7%. Microstructural analysis reveals that coarse columnar β phase grains are generated in the weld region, leading to significant stress and microhardness gradients, reducing the mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of joint UTS decreases from 1025.7 MPa (base material) to 882 MPa, while average elongation (EL) drops from 8.96 to 1.24%. These results provide valuable insights for optimizing welding and heat treatment processes of titanium alloy components in engineering applications.