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<p>The effects of cryogenic rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 301 stainless steel were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile testing, and hardness testing. With the increase in cryogenic rolling reduction from 33 to 67%, the grain size decreases while the martensite fraction increases. Consequently, the yield strength increases from 450 ± 10 to 650 ± 8&#xa0;MPa due to grain refinement hardening, and the ultimate tensile strength rises from 896 ± 15 to 1450 ± 20&#xa0;MPa owing to the enhanced martensite content. Remarkably, the total elongation increases from 18 ± 1.2% to 30 ± 0.8% attributed to grain size reduction. These outstanding mechanical properties demonstrate superiority over those of 301 stainless steels processed by conventional methods. The cryogenic rolling technique provides a novel approach for enhancing the mechanical performance of 301 stainless steel.</p>

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Refined Microstructure and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in 301 Stainless Steels Induced by Cryogenic Rolling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Jie Liu,
  • Bin Yuan

摘要

The effects of cryogenic rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 301 stainless steel were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile testing, and hardness testing. With the increase in cryogenic rolling reduction from 33 to 67%, the grain size decreases while the martensite fraction increases. Consequently, the yield strength increases from 450 ± 10 to 650 ± 8 MPa due to grain refinement hardening, and the ultimate tensile strength rises from 896 ± 15 to 1450 ± 20 MPa owing to the enhanced martensite content. Remarkably, the total elongation increases from 18 ± 1.2% to 30 ± 0.8% attributed to grain size reduction. These outstanding mechanical properties demonstrate superiority over those of 301 stainless steels processed by conventional methods. The cryogenic rolling technique provides a novel approach for enhancing the mechanical performance of 301 stainless steel.