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<p>This experimental study investigates the tribological behavior of case-carburized E16NCD13 low-alloy steel. Evaluating the wear performance and determining the wear mechanism for this specially developed material is the novelty of the present study. To optimize the process parameters, wear behavior was evaluated using a pin-on-disk tribometer based on an L16 Taguchi orthogonal array. The process parameters considered are sliding speed, normal load, and sliding distance. The experimental results revealed minimum and maximum wear values of 39 and 240&#xa0;microns, respectively. The optimal process parameters determined as 100&#xa0;rpm, 10&#xa0;N, and 2000&#xa0;m resulted in a minimal wear value of 36.26&#xa0;microns. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed sliding distance as the most influential parameter, followed by speed, with a contribution of 53.27 and 39.15%, respectively. The confirmation test revealed an error of 1.4%. Furthermore, the optimized wear value increased from 36.26&#xa0;microns at 28&#xa0;°C (room temperature) to 57.35&#xa0;microns at 150&#xa0;°C (elevated temperature). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of worn surfaces revealed key wear mechanisms and oxide formation due to mechanical and oxidative interactions. The results showed that E16NCD13 has better hardness and enhanced wear performance than the conventional materials that are used in aerospace applications, such as AISI 9310, 18Ni (250) maraging steel, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al. These findings highlight the potential of E16NCD13 alloy steel as an alternative to conventional materials used in aviation applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Process Parameter Optimization and Experimental Analysis on Wear Behavior of E16NCD13 Alloy Steel at Room and Elevated Temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月29日

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  • Rakesh Sudarsi,
  • Jack J. Kenned,
  • K. Sankaranarayanasamy

摘要

This experimental study investigates the tribological behavior of case-carburized E16NCD13 low-alloy steel. Evaluating the wear performance and determining the wear mechanism for this specially developed material is the novelty of the present study. To optimize the process parameters, wear behavior was evaluated using a pin-on-disk tribometer based on an L16 Taguchi orthogonal array. The process parameters considered are sliding speed, normal load, and sliding distance. The experimental results revealed minimum and maximum wear values of 39 and 240 microns, respectively. The optimal process parameters determined as 100 rpm, 10 N, and 2000 m resulted in a minimal wear value of 36.26 microns. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed sliding distance as the most influential parameter, followed by speed, with a contribution of 53.27 and 39.15%, respectively. The confirmation test revealed an error of 1.4%. Furthermore, the optimized wear value increased from 36.26 microns at 28 °C (room temperature) to 57.35 microns at 150 °C (elevated temperature). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of worn surfaces revealed key wear mechanisms and oxide formation due to mechanical and oxidative interactions. The results showed that E16NCD13 has better hardness and enhanced wear performance than the conventional materials that are used in aerospace applications, such as AISI 9310, 18Ni (250) maraging steel, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al. These findings highlight the potential of E16NCD13 alloy steel as an alternative to conventional materials used in aviation applications.

Graphical Abstract