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<p>Tin-based Babbitt alloy serves as an advanced bearing material known for its outstanding anti-friction performance, but its microstructural regulation is relatively difficult, and the influence mechanism of solidification conditions on its microstructure formation and mechanical properties remains unclear. This study utilized directional solidification technology to investigate the effects of growth rates (<i>V</i>) (<i>V</i> = 5, 10, 20, 50, 100&#xa0;μm/s) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Sn-11Sb-6Cu (mass%) alloy. The results show that with increasing <i>V</i>, both the SnSb (<i>ε</i>) phase and the Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> (<i>η</i>) phase transform from coarse dendrites to finer dendritic microstructures. The dendritic arm spacing of the <i>η</i> phase and the size of the <i>ε</i> phase decrease with increasing <i>V</i>. The microhardness of the <i>α</i>-Sn matrix and the <i>ε</i> phase increases with the increase of <i>V</i>. Specifically, the <i>α</i>-Sn matrix reaches a maximum microhardness of 22.11&#xa0;HV at 100&#xa0;μm/s, while the <i>ε</i> phase reaches a maximum microhardness of 157.82&#xa0;HV at the same rate. Due to the variation in <i>ε</i> phase size at different <i>V</i>, the friction coefficient of the alloy fluctuates significantly at low <i>V</i>, accompanied by greater wear volume. A higher value of <i>V</i> results in a more stable friction process and lower wear volume. The dominant wear mechanism of the Sn-11Sb-6Cu alloy under all <i>V</i> is identified as abrasive wear. The experimental findings provide a theoretical foundation for guiding the microstructural regulation and performance enhancement of tin-based Babbitt alloys.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Microstructure Evolution, Mechanical Properties, and Friction Performance of Directionally Solidified Sn-11Sb-6Cu Alloy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Jianglei Fan,
  • Xiaolong Hu,
  • Mingrui Li,
  • Yaju Zhou,
  • Xin Li,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Xiangkui Zhou,
  • Shen Wu,
  • Shizhong Wei

摘要

Tin-based Babbitt alloy serves as an advanced bearing material known for its outstanding anti-friction performance, but its microstructural regulation is relatively difficult, and the influence mechanism of solidification conditions on its microstructure formation and mechanical properties remains unclear. This study utilized directional solidification technology to investigate the effects of growth rates (V) (V = 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 μm/s) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Sn-11Sb-6Cu (mass%) alloy. The results show that with increasing V, both the SnSb (ε) phase and the Cu6Sn5 (η) phase transform from coarse dendrites to finer dendritic microstructures. The dendritic arm spacing of the η phase and the size of the ε phase decrease with increasing V. The microhardness of the α-Sn matrix and the ε phase increases with the increase of V. Specifically, the α-Sn matrix reaches a maximum microhardness of 22.11 HV at 100 μm/s, while the ε phase reaches a maximum microhardness of 157.82 HV at the same rate. Due to the variation in ε phase size at different V, the friction coefficient of the alloy fluctuates significantly at low V, accompanied by greater wear volume. A higher value of V results in a more stable friction process and lower wear volume. The dominant wear mechanism of the Sn-11Sb-6Cu alloy under all V is identified as abrasive wear. The experimental findings provide a theoretical foundation for guiding the microstructural regulation and performance enhancement of tin-based Babbitt alloys.

Graphical Abstract