Fabrication Condition Analysis of Bulk Components with Additive Manufacturing of Ti- and B4C-Modified AA6061 by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
摘要
This study investigates the additive manufacturability of unmodified AA6061 and AA6061 modified with Ti and B4C using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process. The unmodified AA6061 exhibited hot cracking, primarily due to its wide solidification range and rapid cooling rate. In contrast, the addition of Ti and B4C effectively suppressed crack formation by promoting heterogeneous nucleation and improving melt fluidity. Furthermore, Ti reacted with the Al matrix to form TiAlx intermetallic phases, which contributed to grain refinement and enhanced structural stability. Process optimization identified a stable parameter window (260-300 W, 1200-1500 mm/s) that yielded dense, defect-free builds. Notably, the modified alloy maintained structural integrity even in geometrically complex regions prone to thermal stress. Mechanical testing revealed that the modified AA6061 achieved a yield strength of ~ 272 MPa, UTS of ~ 303 MPa, and elongation of ~ 10% in the as-built condition, comparable to wrought AA6061-T6. Post-heat treatment, tensile properties were tunable across a range of conditions, with elongation reaching up to 17.4%. These findings demonstrate that alloy modification with Ti and B4C enables crack-free fabrication of AA6061 via L-PBF while delivering mechanical performance suitable for structural applications.