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<p>Glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites are widely used in structural and tribological applications, yet their performance is often limited by insufficient strength, toughness, and wear resistance under demanding service conditions. Hybrid nanofillers have emerged as a promising approach to address these limitations, but direct comparisons between different functional filler combinations remain scarce. This study addresses that gap by systematically evaluating the effects of two hybrid nanoreinforcements—SiO<sub>2</sub> with graphene and SiO<sub>2</sub> with MoS<sub>2</sub>—on the mechanical and tribological performance of glass/epoxy composites. Composites containing 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt.% total filler (equal parts silica and secondary filler) were fabricated using hand lay-up followed by compression molding. Mechanical properties were assessed through tensile, impact, and hardness testing, while tribological performance was examined using dry sliding wear tests under controlled load and speed. SiO<sub>2</sub> + graphene hybrids achieved the highest tensile (+ 28.4%) and impact (+ 35.1%) improvements at 1.0 wt.% loading, attributed to enhanced crack deflection and fiber–matrix adhesion. SiO<sub>2</sub> + MoS<sub>2</sub> hybrids exhibited superior wear resistance (up to 60% reduction) and lower friction coefficients (0.50 to 0.28) at 1.5 wt.%, due to the formation of a continuous lubricating tribofilm. Microstructural analysis revealed well-dispersed silica in both systems, with graphene promoting rough, tortuous fracture paths and MoS<sub>2</sub> forming compact, adherent transfer layers. All characterization procedures adhered to relevant ASTM standards to ensure methodological rigor and comparability with prior literature. Tensile properties were evaluated according to ASTM D3039, impact resistance was assessed by ASTM D6110, surface hardness was determined by ASTM D2240, and dry sliding wear performance was evaluated by ASTM G99. These findings demonstrate that filler selection can be tailored to emphasize either structural reinforcement or tribological performance, depending on the application's needs. Further research is warranted to investigate the environmental stability of MoS<sub>2</sub>-based tribofilms and to validate interfacial bonding mechanisms through direct chemical.</p>

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Synergistic Reinforcement Strategies: Nanosilica with Graphene Versus MoS2 in High-Performance Glass/Epoxy Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • Madhanagopal Adhikesavan,
  • Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy,
  • Prabhu Mottaiyan,
  • Subhav Singh

摘要

Glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites are widely used in structural and tribological applications, yet their performance is often limited by insufficient strength, toughness, and wear resistance under demanding service conditions. Hybrid nanofillers have emerged as a promising approach to address these limitations, but direct comparisons between different functional filler combinations remain scarce. This study addresses that gap by systematically evaluating the effects of two hybrid nanoreinforcements—SiO2 with graphene and SiO2 with MoS2—on the mechanical and tribological performance of glass/epoxy composites. Composites containing 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt.% total filler (equal parts silica and secondary filler) were fabricated using hand lay-up followed by compression molding. Mechanical properties were assessed through tensile, impact, and hardness testing, while tribological performance was examined using dry sliding wear tests under controlled load and speed. SiO2 + graphene hybrids achieved the highest tensile (+ 28.4%) and impact (+ 35.1%) improvements at 1.0 wt.% loading, attributed to enhanced crack deflection and fiber–matrix adhesion. SiO2 + MoS2 hybrids exhibited superior wear resistance (up to 60% reduction) and lower friction coefficients (0.50 to 0.28) at 1.5 wt.%, due to the formation of a continuous lubricating tribofilm. Microstructural analysis revealed well-dispersed silica in both systems, with graphene promoting rough, tortuous fracture paths and MoS2 forming compact, adherent transfer layers. All characterization procedures adhered to relevant ASTM standards to ensure methodological rigor and comparability with prior literature. Tensile properties were evaluated according to ASTM D3039, impact resistance was assessed by ASTM D6110, surface hardness was determined by ASTM D2240, and dry sliding wear performance was evaluated by ASTM G99. These findings demonstrate that filler selection can be tailored to emphasize either structural reinforcement or tribological performance, depending on the application's needs. Further research is warranted to investigate the environmental stability of MoS2-based tribofilms and to validate interfacial bonding mechanisms through direct chemical.