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<p>Beta-titanium (<i>β</i>-Ti) alloys are extensively used in biomedical applications due to their low elastic modulus, which closely matches that of human bone and helps reduce stress shielding. These alloys typically incorporate higher concentrations of non-toxic, biocompatible <i>β</i>-phase stabilizing elements. However, many widely used biomedical <i>β</i>-Ti alloys still include potentially toxic elements such as Al, V, Co, Cr, and Mn, or rely on costly elements like Hf, Ta, and Pd. They also often possess slightly higher densities, raising concerns for biomedical applications where weight is a critical factor. In this study, two novel <i>β</i>-Ti alloys, viz. Ti<sub>55</sub>Zr<sub>25</sub>Nb<sub>15</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>Mo<sub>1</sub> (CCA-1) and Ti<sub>60</sub>Zr<sub>20</sub>Nb<sub>15</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub> (CCA-2), were designed based on theoretical molybdenum equivalency (MoE) calculations to predict <i>β</i>-phase stability and guided by high-entropy alloy (HEA) design principles emphasizing compositional complexity. The resulting alloys are well suited for biomedical orthopedic applications, offering reduced stress shielding, lower density, and essential biocompatibility, without relying on toxic or expensive elements. A notable advantage is their significantly lower densities: 5.86&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup> for CCA-1 and 5.82&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup> for CCA-2, making them ideal for applications requiring lightweight yet strong materials. Elemental analysis of the compositionally complex alloys (CCAs) revealed segregation between niobium (Nb) and zirconium (Zr). The mechanical performance of the synthesized CCAs was evaluated and compared to that of the widely used biomedical alloy Ti6Al4V. The synthesized alloys exhibited impressive tensile yield strengths of approximately 869&#xa0;MPa for CCA-1 and 756&#xa0;MPa for CCA-2, along with low elastic moduli of 59 GPa and 65 GPa, respectively. Both alloys also showed notable compressive plasticity, achieving plastic strains of 27.71% (CCA-1) and 33.98% (CCA-2). Furthermore, CCA-2 demonstrated superior corrosion resistance in a saline environment, with a significantly lower corrosion rate of 0.00018&#xa0;mm/year compared to 0.00059&#xa0;mm/year for CCA-1.</p>

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Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Novel β-Ti-Rich Compositionally Complex Alloys in the As-Cast State

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Debasmita Pani,
  • Ananya Chattree,
  • Jaideep Gupta,
  • Saurabh S Nene,
  • Jaiveer Singh

摘要

Beta-titanium (β-Ti) alloys are extensively used in biomedical applications due to their low elastic modulus, which closely matches that of human bone and helps reduce stress shielding. These alloys typically incorporate higher concentrations of non-toxic, biocompatible β-phase stabilizing elements. However, many widely used biomedical β-Ti alloys still include potentially toxic elements such as Al, V, Co, Cr, and Mn, or rely on costly elements like Hf, Ta, and Pd. They also often possess slightly higher densities, raising concerns for biomedical applications where weight is a critical factor. In this study, two novel β-Ti alloys, viz. Ti55Zr25Nb15Fe4Mo1 (CCA-1) and Ti60Zr20Nb15Fe2Mo3 (CCA-2), were designed based on theoretical molybdenum equivalency (MoE) calculations to predict β-phase stability and guided by high-entropy alloy (HEA) design principles emphasizing compositional complexity. The resulting alloys are well suited for biomedical orthopedic applications, offering reduced stress shielding, lower density, and essential biocompatibility, without relying on toxic or expensive elements. A notable advantage is their significantly lower densities: 5.86 g/cm3 for CCA-1 and 5.82 g/cm3 for CCA-2, making them ideal for applications requiring lightweight yet strong materials. Elemental analysis of the compositionally complex alloys (CCAs) revealed segregation between niobium (Nb) and zirconium (Zr). The mechanical performance of the synthesized CCAs was evaluated and compared to that of the widely used biomedical alloy Ti6Al4V. The synthesized alloys exhibited impressive tensile yield strengths of approximately 869 MPa for CCA-1 and 756 MPa for CCA-2, along with low elastic moduli of 59 GPa and 65 GPa, respectively. Both alloys also showed notable compressive plasticity, achieving plastic strains of 27.71% (CCA-1) and 33.98% (CCA-2). Furthermore, CCA-2 demonstrated superior corrosion resistance in a saline environment, with a significantly lower corrosion rate of 0.00018 mm/year compared to 0.00059 mm/year for CCA-1.