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<p>To address the shortcomings of Fe/Cu bimetallic materials, including uneven surface microstructure, low surface hardness, and inadequate friction and wear performance, this study investigates the influence of varying Fe contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe/Cu bimetallic materials using solid–liquid composite casting technology. Experimental results indicate that with 1.5 wt.% Fe, the coarse dendritic structure of the α-Cu matrix is refined into equiaxed grains, and the Pb particle distribution becomes more uniform with the size of Pb particles reduced, which decreases the average grain size from 99.1&#xa0;μm to 71.7&#xa0;μm. This refinement, alongside the precipitation of Fe particles, markedly enhances interfacial shear strength and microhardness, with improvements of 12.35% and 28.63%, respectively. However, at 2.5 wt.% Fe, grain coarsening occurs, leading to reduced shear strength and hardness, likely attributed to the formation of coarse dendrites and uneven δ-phase segregation. Friction and wear performance also improves with 1.5 wt.% Fe, exhibiting lower coefficient of friction and wear rates, with reductions of 60% and 21% under oil-lubricated and dry friction conditions, respectively, compared to 0 wt.% Fe.</p>

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Effect of Fe Content on the Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Fe/Cu Bimetals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Yuan Chang,
  • Guowei Zhang,
  • Huimin Chen,
  • Xiaoyan Ren,
  • Licheng Zhao,
  • Shaojun Zhang,
  • Guoliang Bai

摘要

To address the shortcomings of Fe/Cu bimetallic materials, including uneven surface microstructure, low surface hardness, and inadequate friction and wear performance, this study investigates the influence of varying Fe contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe/Cu bimetallic materials using solid–liquid composite casting technology. Experimental results indicate that with 1.5 wt.% Fe, the coarse dendritic structure of the α-Cu matrix is refined into equiaxed grains, and the Pb particle distribution becomes more uniform with the size of Pb particles reduced, which decreases the average grain size from 99.1 μm to 71.7 μm. This refinement, alongside the precipitation of Fe particles, markedly enhances interfacial shear strength and microhardness, with improvements of 12.35% and 28.63%, respectively. However, at 2.5 wt.% Fe, grain coarsening occurs, leading to reduced shear strength and hardness, likely attributed to the formation of coarse dendrites and uneven δ-phase segregation. Friction and wear performance also improves with 1.5 wt.% Fe, exhibiting lower coefficient of friction and wear rates, with reductions of 60% and 21% under oil-lubricated and dry friction conditions, respectively, compared to 0 wt.% Fe.