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<p>The high wear resistance, excellent microhardness, and high anti-corrosion assets of Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub>, and the formability ability of EWAC (Ni-based) make these materials competent to use as reinforcement in SS316 for the development of many automotive and wear-resisting components. In this work, the specimens of SS316 + 15%EWAC + xCr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub>(x = 5, 10, and 15%) composite for sliding wear performance are melted and cast using microwave energy from powders. The cumulative weight loss, analysis of worn surfaces and debris, microstructure morphology, XRD, EDS study, and microhardness were studied. The highest cumulative weight loss of 14&#xa0;mg was obtained after the sliding distance of 3000&#xa0;m at a 4&#xa0;kg load and the 1.5&#xa0;m/s speed for the SS316 + 15%EWAC + 5% Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> and the minimum wt. loss of 2.4&#xa0;mg for the SS316 + 15%EWAC + 15% Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> at 1.0&#xa0;m/s and load 2&#xa0;kg. The 15% addition of EWAC and 15% Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> in SS316 increased anti-wear 28 times compared to SS316. Dry sliding wear conditions with varying load and sliding speed exposed the development of stable oxide tribolayers. The worn surfaces study revealed abrasion and adhesion of surfaces. By increasing the load, the shear of the surface was noticed due to adhesion, plastic deformations, and carbide pullout. At higher loads (4&#xa0;kg) and sliding speed (1.5&#xa0;m/s), particles pulled out from the surface, and three-body abrasive wear mechanisms occurred. The developed composite’s microhardness has been improved. The cast specimens are free from visual flaws. The XRD peaks presented the major phases like <i>μ</i><b>-</b> Fe<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub>, α-MoNi<sub>4</sub>, τ-Cr<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub>, γ-Mo<sub>2</sub>C, σ- Fe, and β- Fe<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub>.</p>

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Influence of Cr7C3 Reinforcement on Dry Sliding Wear of Stainless Steel-Based Composites Developed Using Microwave Energy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月27日

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  • Jatinder Pal,
  • Dheeraj Gupta,
  • Tejinder Paul Singh

摘要

The high wear resistance, excellent microhardness, and high anti-corrosion assets of Cr7C3, and the formability ability of EWAC (Ni-based) make these materials competent to use as reinforcement in SS316 for the development of many automotive and wear-resisting components. In this work, the specimens of SS316 + 15%EWAC + xCr7C3(x = 5, 10, and 15%) composite for sliding wear performance are melted and cast using microwave energy from powders. The cumulative weight loss, analysis of worn surfaces and debris, microstructure morphology, XRD, EDS study, and microhardness were studied. The highest cumulative weight loss of 14 mg was obtained after the sliding distance of 3000 m at a 4 kg load and the 1.5 m/s speed for the SS316 + 15%EWAC + 5% Cr7C3 and the minimum wt. loss of 2.4 mg for the SS316 + 15%EWAC + 15% Cr7C3 at 1.0 m/s and load 2 kg. The 15% addition of EWAC and 15% Cr7C3 in SS316 increased anti-wear 28 times compared to SS316. Dry sliding wear conditions with varying load and sliding speed exposed the development of stable oxide tribolayers. The worn surfaces study revealed abrasion and adhesion of surfaces. By increasing the load, the shear of the surface was noticed due to adhesion, plastic deformations, and carbide pullout. At higher loads (4 kg) and sliding speed (1.5 m/s), particles pulled out from the surface, and three-body abrasive wear mechanisms occurred. The developed composite’s microhardness has been improved. The cast specimens are free from visual flaws. The XRD peaks presented the major phases like μ- Fe3Ni2, α-MoNi4, τ-Cr23C6, γ-Mo2C, σ- Fe, and β- Fe5C2.