Scholarlink

<p>Functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM) enables the production of components with locally defined material transitions, allowing mechanical properties to be adapted to specific load conditions for improved performance and material efficiency. This study explores the applicability of the Schaeffler diagram as a predictive tool for evaluating microstructural transitions and resulting properties in FGAM using powder-based Directed Energy Deposition with a plasma arc (DED-Arc). A material system of 42CrMo4 and Alloy 625 was selected to analyze phase transitions and property changes within graded structures. Based on calculated nickel and chromium equivalents, theoretical transition zones were identified where significant property variations were expected. Graded wall structures were produced using a tandem DED-Arc process, gradually transitioning from 100% 42CrMo4 to a 70/30% mix with Alloy 625. Microstructural development was analyzed via optical microscopy, hardness testing, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results revealed three distinct hardness regions, with abrupt changes aligning closely with phase boundaries predicted by the Schaeffler diagram. Maximum hardness (580 HV1) was observed at 10% Alloy 625, attributed to precipitates containing niobium, molybdenum, and chromium. These findings underscore the diagram’s utility in identifying critical transition zones and reducing experimental effort in material evaluation.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Application of the Schaeffler Diagram to Functionally Graded Structures of 42CrMo4 and Alloy 625 Produced by DED-Arc

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

查看全文
  • Robert Rimpl,
  • Kevin Hoefer,
  • André Haelsig,
  • Jonas Hensel

摘要

Functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM) enables the production of components with locally defined material transitions, allowing mechanical properties to be adapted to specific load conditions for improved performance and material efficiency. This study explores the applicability of the Schaeffler diagram as a predictive tool for evaluating microstructural transitions and resulting properties in FGAM using powder-based Directed Energy Deposition with a plasma arc (DED-Arc). A material system of 42CrMo4 and Alloy 625 was selected to analyze phase transitions and property changes within graded structures. Based on calculated nickel and chromium equivalents, theoretical transition zones were identified where significant property variations were expected. Graded wall structures were produced using a tandem DED-Arc process, gradually transitioning from 100% 42CrMo4 to a 70/30% mix with Alloy 625. Microstructural development was analyzed via optical microscopy, hardness testing, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results revealed three distinct hardness regions, with abrupt changes aligning closely with phase boundaries predicted by the Schaeffler diagram. Maximum hardness (580 HV1) was observed at 10% Alloy 625, attributed to precipitates containing niobium, molybdenum, and chromium. These findings underscore the diagram’s utility in identifying critical transition zones and reducing experimental effort in material evaluation.