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<p>Titanium dioxide thin films were synthesized with Na concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10&#xa0;wt.%) by the sol–gel dip coating method<b>.</b> X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirmed the formation of the anatase phase. The average crystallite size was decreased from 11.8 to 9.0&#xa0;nm by increasing the concentration of the dopant. Pure TiO<sub>2</sub> showed a wide bandgap Eg of 3.50&#xa0;eV and the bandgap energy for 2-10&#xa0;wt.% of Na doping decreased from 3.24 to 2.62&#xa0;eV. Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films exhibited a porous structure, as seen by SEM micrographs. The grain size was raised 9-12&#xa0;nm, and porosity decreased 14.19-5.15%, reducing surface area 3.81-1.48&#xa0;cm<sup>2</sup>/g. Porous morphology was beneficial for energy storage and memory storage devices. Dynamic light scattering study displayed average particle size; however, high zeta potential value confirmed the formation of the stable of Na-doped titania. The anatase phase of Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films exhibited ferromagnetism at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanence magnetization (Mr) were increased by&#xa0;0.39-1.63&#xa0;emu/cm<sup>3</sup> by increasing the concentration of Na dopant and the coercivity values decreased from 4052.14 to 1615.65Oe. Dielectric properties that followed the Maxwell–Wagner model and Koop’s theory were explained by the hopping mechanism which could be used in high-density dynamic-memory devices and modern microelectronics. The electrochemical properties of the Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> showed an increase in reversibility and capacitive behavior. Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanostructures exhibited high capacitance within 2104.57-3228.82&#xa0;Fg<sup>−1</sup>, energy density 547.02-753.22&#xa0;WhKg<sup>−1</sup> and power density 393854.4-542318.3&#xa0;WKg<sup>−1</sup>. The breakdown of organic contaminants found in wastewater was possible due to photocatalyst Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanostructures. Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> was the most effective antibacterial agent against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> with a&#xa0;25-nm inhibition zone for the highest Na contents<i>.</i> This was a big success because Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> could restrain <i>K. pneumoniae</i> which is the main source of hospital-infected pneumonia</p>

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Electrochemical Characteristics of Na-Doped TiO2 Nanostructures Blended with Their Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity under Solar Light

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Zohra Nazir Kayani,
  • Hina Naqvi,
  • Zainab Bashir,
  • Maryam Anwar,
  • Saira Riaz,
  • Shahzad Naseem

摘要

Titanium dioxide thin films were synthesized with Na concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt.%) by the sol–gel dip coating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirmed the formation of the anatase phase. The average crystallite size was decreased from 11.8 to 9.0 nm by increasing the concentration of the dopant. Pure TiO2 showed a wide bandgap Eg of 3.50 eV and the bandgap energy for 2-10 wt.% of Na doping decreased from 3.24 to 2.62 eV. Na-doped TiO2 thin films exhibited a porous structure, as seen by SEM micrographs. The grain size was raised 9-12 nm, and porosity decreased 14.19-5.15%, reducing surface area 3.81-1.48 cm2/g. Porous morphology was beneficial for energy storage and memory storage devices. Dynamic light scattering study displayed average particle size; however, high zeta potential value confirmed the formation of the stable of Na-doped titania. The anatase phase of Na-doped TiO2 thin films exhibited ferromagnetism at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanence magnetization (Mr) were increased by 0.39-1.63 emu/cm3 by increasing the concentration of Na dopant and the coercivity values decreased from 4052.14 to 1615.65Oe. Dielectric properties that followed the Maxwell–Wagner model and Koop’s theory were explained by the hopping mechanism which could be used in high-density dynamic-memory devices and modern microelectronics. The electrochemical properties of the Na-doped TiO2 showed an increase in reversibility and capacitive behavior. Na-doped TiO2 nanostructures exhibited high capacitance within 2104.57-3228.82 Fg−1, energy density 547.02-753.22 WhKg−1 and power density 393854.4-542318.3 WKg−1. The breakdown of organic contaminants found in wastewater was possible due to photocatalyst Na-doped TiO2 nanostructures. Na-doped TiO2 was the most effective antibacterial agent against K. pneumoniae with a 25-nm inhibition zone for the highest Na contents. This was a big success because Na-doped TiO2 could restrain K. pneumoniae which is the main source of hospital-infected pneumonia