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<p>This research investigates the combined influence of BaO and Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on the structural, optical, and radiation-shielding properties of BaO-PbO<sub>2</sub>-B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glasses, prepared via the melt-quenching approach. The glasses' density rises from 4.223 to 4.562&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup> as the dopants loading escalates and XRD evidence affirmed the manufactured glasses' non-crystalline character. FTIR analysis verifies BO<sub>3</sub> and BO<sub>4</sub> units' existence, with Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Ba<sup>2+</sup> ions functioning as network disruptors, promoting non-bridging oxygen (NBO) sites' formation, as well as modifying the glass network. UV–Vis spectral examination uncovers distinctive 4f-4f electronic transitions of Nd<sup>3+</sup> ions, with elevated Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> loadings enhancing absorption intensity. The optical band gap values exhibited a decreasing trend, with direct and indirect transitions reducing from 2.973 to 2.845&#xa0;eV and 2.552 to 2.424&#xa0;eV, respectively, as BaO and Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content increased. The development of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) species is responsible for this decrease, leading to structural modifications. Refractive index values ranged from 2.271 to 2.318, influencing the dielectric constant, which followed an increasing trend. Optical electronegativity decreased from 0.686 to 0.652, while electronic polarizability rose within the range 2.883 to 2.914. The optical basicity and metallization (M) values confirmed the glasses' ionic nature and non-metallic characteristics. Regarding radiation protection performance, the linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) varied significantly, ranging from 1.904 to 2.135&#xa0;cm<sup>-1</sup> at 0.2&#xa0;MeV for Ba18Nd0 and Ba24Nd3, respectively, showing more than 98% attenuation reductions in the 0.015–0.15&#xa0;MeV low-energy range. Additionally, mass attenuation coefficients (MACs) were observed to decrease from 49.039 to 52.594 cm<sup>2</sup>/g over the same energy interval. The half-value layers (HVLs) increased, spanning from 0.003 to 4.883&#xa0;cm, suggesting improved photon transmission. Moreover, the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) demonstrated a marked decline from 97% to around 13% as the energy shifted from the photoelectric to Compton scattering regions. These outcomes emphasize the feasibility of utilizing BaNd-doped lead borate glasses in cutting-edge optical systems and innovative photonic platforms, while also highlighting their suitability as viable options for radiation protection solutions.</p>

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Lead Borate Glasses Doped with BaO and Nd2O3: Insights into Structural, Optical, and Radiation-Shielding Properties for Advanced Uses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月27日

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  • Aljawhara H. Almuqrin,
  • M. I. Sayyed,
  • Shrikant Biradar,
  • K. A. Mahmoud

摘要

This research investigates the combined influence of BaO and Nd2O3 on the structural, optical, and radiation-shielding properties of BaO-PbO2-B2O3-Nd2O3 glasses, prepared via the melt-quenching approach. The glasses' density rises from 4.223 to 4.562 g/cm3 as the dopants loading escalates and XRD evidence affirmed the manufactured glasses' non-crystalline character. FTIR analysis verifies BO3 and BO4 units' existence, with Nd3+ and Ba2+ ions functioning as network disruptors, promoting non-bridging oxygen (NBO) sites' formation, as well as modifying the glass network. UV–Vis spectral examination uncovers distinctive 4f-4f electronic transitions of Nd3+ ions, with elevated Nd2O3 loadings enhancing absorption intensity. The optical band gap values exhibited a decreasing trend, with direct and indirect transitions reducing from 2.973 to 2.845 eV and 2.552 to 2.424 eV, respectively, as BaO and Nd2O3 content increased. The development of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) species is responsible for this decrease, leading to structural modifications. Refractive index values ranged from 2.271 to 2.318, influencing the dielectric constant, which followed an increasing trend. Optical electronegativity decreased from 0.686 to 0.652, while electronic polarizability rose within the range 2.883 to 2.914. The optical basicity and metallization (M) values confirmed the glasses' ionic nature and non-metallic characteristics. Regarding radiation protection performance, the linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) varied significantly, ranging from 1.904 to 2.135 cm-1 at 0.2 MeV for Ba18Nd0 and Ba24Nd3, respectively, showing more than 98% attenuation reductions in the 0.015–0.15 MeV low-energy range. Additionally, mass attenuation coefficients (MACs) were observed to decrease from 49.039 to 52.594 cm2/g over the same energy interval. The half-value layers (HVLs) increased, spanning from 0.003 to 4.883 cm, suggesting improved photon transmission. Moreover, the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) demonstrated a marked decline from 97% to around 13% as the energy shifted from the photoelectric to Compton scattering regions. These outcomes emphasize the feasibility of utilizing BaNd-doped lead borate glasses in cutting-edge optical systems and innovative photonic platforms, while also highlighting their suitability as viable options for radiation protection solutions.