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<p>In this study, the ultrasonic frequency pulse current was used in underwater wet flux-cored welding (UFPC-UWFCAW) to improve the stability of the welding process and the mechanical properties of weld joints. The effects of ultrasonic frequency on bubble evolution characteristics, droplet transfer behavior and porosity in the weld seam were systematically studied by high-speed camera and x-ray inspection. The microstructure and grain characteristics of weld performed were analyzed by optical microscope and electron backscatter diffraction. The results showed that UFPC not only reduced the frequency of arc extinguishing but also distinctly inhibited the number of pores in welds. The average grain size and the amount of martensite in the welded joints decreased with increasing ultrasonic frequency, which reduced the maximum hardness of heat-affected zone. The fine microstructure and numerous high-angle grain boundaries appeared at an ultrasonic frequency of 40&#xa0;kHz, which benefited the toughness value of the weld from 30.3 to 49.7&#xa0;J/cm<sup>2</sup>. The research is meaningful to promote the development and application of UFPC-UWFCAW technology in marine engineering.</p>

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Effect of Ultrasonic Frequency Pulse Current on Underwater Wet Flux-Cored Arc Welding Process of Low Carbon Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月22日

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  • Lijian Wu,
  • Ji Chen,
  • Zhen Wen,
  • Hao Su,
  • Chuansong Wu

摘要

In this study, the ultrasonic frequency pulse current was used in underwater wet flux-cored welding (UFPC-UWFCAW) to improve the stability of the welding process and the mechanical properties of weld joints. The effects of ultrasonic frequency on bubble evolution characteristics, droplet transfer behavior and porosity in the weld seam were systematically studied by high-speed camera and x-ray inspection. The microstructure and grain characteristics of weld performed were analyzed by optical microscope and electron backscatter diffraction. The results showed that UFPC not only reduced the frequency of arc extinguishing but also distinctly inhibited the number of pores in welds. The average grain size and the amount of martensite in the welded joints decreased with increasing ultrasonic frequency, which reduced the maximum hardness of heat-affected zone. The fine microstructure and numerous high-angle grain boundaries appeared at an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz, which benefited the toughness value of the weld from 30.3 to 49.7 J/cm2. The research is meaningful to promote the development and application of UFPC-UWFCAW technology in marine engineering.