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<p>The aim of this research is to calculate residual stresses using ultrasonic waves in 316L stainless steel after selective laser melting. For this purpose, first three samples were fabricated by selective laser melting method under different process parameter conditions. Then, residual stresses in the manufactured parts were calculated using ultrasonic waves and x-ray diffraction methods. The microstructure of the fabricated parts was also examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the maximum residual stress in SLM samples measured by ultrasonic waves and x-ray diffraction are in good agreement. It was also observed that the increase of laser power from 180 to 220&#xa0;W led to a reduction of residual stresses in the manufactured samples by 53%. The presence of solidification cracks in the microstructure at low laser power indicated that a high temperature gradient and thermal shocks were applied to the sample, which led to an increase in residual stresses. Moreover, an increase in the scanning speed from 1000 to 1200&#xa0;mm/s resulted in a slight increase in residual stresses by 7.5%. The increase of scanning speed led to the formation of solidification cracks and incomplete melting of powder particles in the microstructure. However, the lowest residual stress was created in samples made with a laser power of 220&#xa0;W and a scanning speed of 1200&#xa0;mm/s.</p>

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Investigation of Residual Stresses Using Ultrasonic and XRD Methods in 316L Stainless Steel Samples Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting Process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Hatam Hardani,
  • Pezhman Taghipour Birgani,
  • Shahram Shahrooi,
  • Mostafa Eskandari

摘要

The aim of this research is to calculate residual stresses using ultrasonic waves in 316L stainless steel after selective laser melting. For this purpose, first three samples were fabricated by selective laser melting method under different process parameter conditions. Then, residual stresses in the manufactured parts were calculated using ultrasonic waves and x-ray diffraction methods. The microstructure of the fabricated parts was also examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the maximum residual stress in SLM samples measured by ultrasonic waves and x-ray diffraction are in good agreement. It was also observed that the increase of laser power from 180 to 220 W led to a reduction of residual stresses in the manufactured samples by 53%. The presence of solidification cracks in the microstructure at low laser power indicated that a high temperature gradient and thermal shocks were applied to the sample, which led to an increase in residual stresses. Moreover, an increase in the scanning speed from 1000 to 1200 mm/s resulted in a slight increase in residual stresses by 7.5%. The increase of scanning speed led to the formation of solidification cracks and incomplete melting of powder particles in the microstructure. However, the lowest residual stress was created in samples made with a laser power of 220 W and a scanning speed of 1200 mm/s.