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<p>Recently, several studies have been reported on using auxetic structures to improve the mechanical and morphological properties of functional prototypes fabricated by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. Previous studies have explored the anisotropy behavior and energy absorption capabilities of different lattice structures; however, little has been reported on the effect of unit cell dimensions in a lattice structure on the tunability of mechanical/morphological properties for customized implants in biomedical applications. This study outlines the fabrication of unit cells with dimensions (1.4 × 1.4 × 2, 1.6 × 1.6 × 2, 1.8 × 1.8 × 2) (mm) in a fixed volume of octet lattice/auxetic structure by using waste 17-4 precipitate hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) powder with LPBF process. The process parameters used were 120W laser power (LP), 1200&#xa0;mm/s scanning speed (ScS), 50&#xa0;µm hatch spacing (HS) and 30&#xa0;µm layer thickness (LT) for tuning the mechanical and morphological properties. The computational simulation was initially performed to predict the different phases after solidifying 3D-printed functional prototypes. The functional prototypes were fabricated using computational simulations by selecting different unit cell dimensions. The results suggest that functional prototypes fabricated with the smallest unit cell of 1.4 × 1.4 × 2 (mm) resulted in a maximum ultimate tensile strength of 325&#xa0;MPa, further reduced with the increase in the unit cell dimensions. The porosity (%) and grain size No. (G) were also observed based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The prototypes fabricated with the smallest unit cell dimensions had minimum values of 15.01% and 0.25 for porosity and G, respectively. Overall, the study suggests that the tunability of mechanical/morphological properties can be ascertained by fixing the unit cell dimensions in an implant to reduce the stress shielding effect.</p>

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On the Effect of Unit Cell Dimensions in Octet Auxetic Structure Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Bharat Kalia,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • B. S. Pabla

摘要

Recently, several studies have been reported on using auxetic structures to improve the mechanical and morphological properties of functional prototypes fabricated by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. Previous studies have explored the anisotropy behavior and energy absorption capabilities of different lattice structures; however, little has been reported on the effect of unit cell dimensions in a lattice structure on the tunability of mechanical/morphological properties for customized implants in biomedical applications. This study outlines the fabrication of unit cells with dimensions (1.4 × 1.4 × 2, 1.6 × 1.6 × 2, 1.8 × 1.8 × 2) (mm) in a fixed volume of octet lattice/auxetic structure by using waste 17-4 precipitate hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) powder with LPBF process. The process parameters used were 120W laser power (LP), 1200 mm/s scanning speed (ScS), 50 µm hatch spacing (HS) and 30 µm layer thickness (LT) for tuning the mechanical and morphological properties. The computational simulation was initially performed to predict the different phases after solidifying 3D-printed functional prototypes. The functional prototypes were fabricated using computational simulations by selecting different unit cell dimensions. The results suggest that functional prototypes fabricated with the smallest unit cell of 1.4 × 1.4 × 2 (mm) resulted in a maximum ultimate tensile strength of 325 MPa, further reduced with the increase in the unit cell dimensions. The porosity (%) and grain size No. (G) were also observed based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The prototypes fabricated with the smallest unit cell dimensions had minimum values of 15.01% and 0.25 for porosity and G, respectively. Overall, the study suggests that the tunability of mechanical/morphological properties can be ascertained by fixing the unit cell dimensions in an implant to reduce the stress shielding effect.