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<p>The demand for advanced engineering materials tailored to specific industrial needs has become increasingly critical in today’s manufacturing industries. This necessity has driven the development of functionally graded materials (FGM), which offer unique and highly desirable characteristics compared to conventional materials like steels and cast irons. This study focuses on the creation of Al-Mn FGMs through a combination of powder metallurgy and sintering techniques. The development of Al-Mn FGMs is a noteworthy endeavor, aiming to harness the properties of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) for enhanced material performance. The starting materials, fine Al powder with 99.99% purity and Mn powder with the same level of purity, were meticulously chosen to ensure the desired material quality. The novelty of this research lies in the varying composition of Mn in the multilayered composite, with weight percentages of 60%, 45%, 30%, and 15% in different layers. This approach offers the potential for a material with graded properties, tailored to specific applications. To evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the developed FGM, morphological aspects of each sample were examined through optical microscopy. This analysis helped in understanding the microstructure and layer-by-layer variations. Further, the study involved the calculation of critical properties such as layer wise density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat. The characteristic composition gradient, ranging from 15 to 60% Mn, was made possible by stacking alternating layers of Al and Mn powders. Microscopic analysis revealed the successful formation of intermetallic phases and a well-defined layered structure. The high thermal conductivity of layer 1 (233.12 W/mK) and the density of layer 6 (7403.5&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup>) were particularly notable. These findings confirmed that Al-Mn FGMs are promising materials for engineering applications as evidenced by the significant variations in mechanical and thermal characteristics across the graded-layers.</p>

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Unravelling of the Microstructural, Thermal, Wear, and Mechanical Characteristics of Functionally Graded Al-Mn-Based Aluminum-Manganese Alloys Processed Through Powder Metallurgy Route

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Prabhat Ranjan,
  • Shashi Prakash Dwivedi,
  • Shubham Sharma,
  • Ashutosh Pattanaik,
  • Pankaj Kumar Chauhan,
  • Narayan Agrawal,
  • Rajeev Kumar Gupta,
  • Charu Gaur,
  • Kuldeep Sharma,
  • Yashwant Singh Bisht,
  • Teku Kalyani,
  • Mohamed Abbas,
  • Dražan Kozak,
  • Jasmina Lozanovic

摘要

The demand for advanced engineering materials tailored to specific industrial needs has become increasingly critical in today’s manufacturing industries. This necessity has driven the development of functionally graded materials (FGM), which offer unique and highly desirable characteristics compared to conventional materials like steels and cast irons. This study focuses on the creation of Al-Mn FGMs through a combination of powder metallurgy and sintering techniques. The development of Al-Mn FGMs is a noteworthy endeavor, aiming to harness the properties of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) for enhanced material performance. The starting materials, fine Al powder with 99.99% purity and Mn powder with the same level of purity, were meticulously chosen to ensure the desired material quality. The novelty of this research lies in the varying composition of Mn in the multilayered composite, with weight percentages of 60%, 45%, 30%, and 15% in different layers. This approach offers the potential for a material with graded properties, tailored to specific applications. To evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the developed FGM, morphological aspects of each sample were examined through optical microscopy. This analysis helped in understanding the microstructure and layer-by-layer variations. Further, the study involved the calculation of critical properties such as layer wise density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat. The characteristic composition gradient, ranging from 15 to 60% Mn, was made possible by stacking alternating layers of Al and Mn powders. Microscopic analysis revealed the successful formation of intermetallic phases and a well-defined layered structure. The high thermal conductivity of layer 1 (233.12 W/mK) and the density of layer 6 (7403.5 kg/m3) were particularly notable. These findings confirmed that Al-Mn FGMs are promising materials for engineering applications as evidenced by the significant variations in mechanical and thermal characteristics across the graded-layers.