<p>Previous studies have reported on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based filaments for fabricating bio-sensors with material extrusion (MEX)-based 3D printing. However, little has been reported on developing PVDF-Cu-doped ZnO-BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-based composite filament for MEX of pacemakers. This study highlights the development of PVDF-Cu-doped ZnO-BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-based composite filament by varying the extrusion process parameters (such as types of heat treatment, extrusion speed, and processing temperature). The parametric combination of pre-heat treatment (PreHT), 7&#xa0;rpm screw speed, and 220&#xa0;°C processing temperature has resulted in maximum peak strength (30.7820&#xa0;MPa). However, from a flexibility viewpoint, a maximum break strain (0.0821) was observed with a parametric combination of PreHT, 8&#xa0;rpm extrusion speed, and 200 °C processing temperature. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the sharp degradation of reinforced composites started earlier than the virgin PVDF. However, no significant adverse effect on the thermal stability of the proposed composites was observed due to reinforcement and processing (confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test). The piezoelectric coefficient (D<sub>33</sub>) was significantly improved from 118pC/N in virgin PVDF to 162pC/N in PVDF-Cu-doped-ZnO-BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-based composites. The simulated forward transmission coefficient (S<sub>21</sub>) for PVDF and PVDF-based composites has shown acceptable sensing abilities in S-band and may be used for the MEX of pacemakers.</p>

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On Fabrication of Novel Polyvinylidene Fluoride BaTiO3-Cu-Doped ZnO-Based Filament for 3D Printing of Pacemakers

  • Ranvijay Kumar,
  • Vinay Kumar,
  • Minhaz Husain,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • Pawan Kumar

摘要

Previous studies have reported on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based filaments for fabricating bio-sensors with material extrusion (MEX)-based 3D printing. However, little has been reported on developing PVDF-Cu-doped ZnO-BaTiO3-based composite filament for MEX of pacemakers. This study highlights the development of PVDF-Cu-doped ZnO-BaTiO3-based composite filament by varying the extrusion process parameters (such as types of heat treatment, extrusion speed, and processing temperature). The parametric combination of pre-heat treatment (PreHT), 7 rpm screw speed, and 220 °C processing temperature has resulted in maximum peak strength (30.7820 MPa). However, from a flexibility viewpoint, a maximum break strain (0.0821) was observed with a parametric combination of PreHT, 8 rpm extrusion speed, and 200 °C processing temperature. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the sharp degradation of reinforced composites started earlier than the virgin PVDF. However, no significant adverse effect on the thermal stability of the proposed composites was observed due to reinforcement and processing (confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test). The piezoelectric coefficient (D33) was significantly improved from 118pC/N in virgin PVDF to 162pC/N in PVDF-Cu-doped-ZnO-BaTiO3-based composites. The simulated forward transmission coefficient (S21) for PVDF and PVDF-based composites has shown acceptable sensing abilities in S-band and may be used for the MEX of pacemakers.