<p>In this paper, closed-cell aluminum foam sandwich structures with metallurgically bonded interfaces were fabricated utilizing a compression-powder metallurgical foaming technique. The aluminum foam sandwich structure was subjected to low-velocity impact tests with single and repetitive impact energy using a drop hammer testing machine. The mechanical responses, impact damage processes, and energy absorption characteristics with different impact energies and sandwich structure thicknesses were investigated through experimental testing. Based on the energy absorption index, the influence of specimen thickness on the energy absorption performance of the aluminum foam sandwich structure was quantitatively assessed. The results of the study can provide an important reference for the design of collision-resistant and energy-absorbing aluminum foam sandwich structures under low-velocity impact. To provide a theoretical basis for developing new lightweight aluminum foam sandwich structures with high impact resistance.</p>