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<p>The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of copper (Cu) addition and intercritical annealing (IA) temperature on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of medium-manganese transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. Two steel groups, containing 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% Cu, were manufactured and subjected to homogenization, hot rolling, and cold rolling. Heat treatments were subsequently conducted at intercritical temperatures of 750, 780, 800, and 850 °C for 10 minutes, followed by water quenching. Microstructural characterization revealed a ferritic matrix with retained austenite/martensite (A/M) islands. Phase analysis confirmed the presence of retained austenite (RA), with its volume fraction increasing with Cu content but decreasing at higher annealing temperatures, particularly in lower Cu steels. Higher Cu content resulted in increased hardness; the specimen with 2 wt.% Cu annealed at 850 °C exhibited the highest hardness at 635 HV10, approximately 27% greater than that of the specimen with 1 wt.% Cu at the same temperature. Tensile strength also increased with Cu content, and both steel groups exhibited higher tensile strength at elevated annealing temperatures. The minimum tensile strength of the steel group with 2 wt.% Cu exceeded the maximum strength of the other, underscoring the strengthening role of Cu. Bake hardening (BH) further enhanced the strength of both groups. The optimal mechanical properties—tensile strength (1157 MPa) and ductility (18%)—were achieved in the 2 wt.% Cu steel annealed at 800 °C, revealing the combined benefits of Cu alloying and tailored IA conditions for optimizing mechanical performance.</p>

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Effect of Cu Addition and Intercritical Annealing on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Medium-Manganese Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Mohammad Mohsen Taghizadeh,
  • Aboozar Taherizadeh,
  • Ali Shafyei,
  • Navid Saeidi

摘要

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of copper (Cu) addition and intercritical annealing (IA) temperature on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of medium-manganese transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. Two steel groups, containing 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% Cu, were manufactured and subjected to homogenization, hot rolling, and cold rolling. Heat treatments were subsequently conducted at intercritical temperatures of 750, 780, 800, and 850 °C for 10 minutes, followed by water quenching. Microstructural characterization revealed a ferritic matrix with retained austenite/martensite (A/M) islands. Phase analysis confirmed the presence of retained austenite (RA), with its volume fraction increasing with Cu content but decreasing at higher annealing temperatures, particularly in lower Cu steels. Higher Cu content resulted in increased hardness; the specimen with 2 wt.% Cu annealed at 850 °C exhibited the highest hardness at 635 HV10, approximately 27% greater than that of the specimen with 1 wt.% Cu at the same temperature. Tensile strength also increased with Cu content, and both steel groups exhibited higher tensile strength at elevated annealing temperatures. The minimum tensile strength of the steel group with 2 wt.% Cu exceeded the maximum strength of the other, underscoring the strengthening role of Cu. Bake hardening (BH) further enhanced the strength of both groups. The optimal mechanical properties—tensile strength (1157 MPa) and ductility (18%)—were achieved in the 2 wt.% Cu steel annealed at 800 °C, revealing the combined benefits of Cu alloying and tailored IA conditions for optimizing mechanical performance.