<p>Strengthening and corrosion resistance improvement of materials are always required in industrial applications. In this work, the potencies of cryogenic deep rolling to improve the surface integrity of AISI 304L machined samples are evaluated and their influence on the corrosion behavior 3 wt.% NaCl solution is studied. Passive films formed on the treated samples were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This investigation depicts that this treatment leads to grain refinement and high densities of deformation twins in the near-surface areas. It generates strain-induced martensite, high amplitudes of compressive residual stresses and increases the surface work hardening. EIS results show that processing with deep rolling tools of small radii of curvature (2 and 5 mm) produces higher charge transfer resistance values than those generated by tools of large radius of curvature (8 mm), which describes better corrosion resistance owing to the creation of dense passive films with fewer defects. In fact, low surface roughness, grain refinement, increased surface microhardness and compressive residual stress distributions induced by this process enhance the corrosion resistance of the treated specimens; nevertheless, the high amount of deformation-induced martensite can deteriorate the corrosion behavior. Thus, the electrochemical behavior and passive films’ characteristics of mechanically processed AISI 304L in NaCl solution are strongly dependent on the interrelated correlations between these aspects.</p>