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<p>While tandem wire and arc additive manufacturing offers a higher deposition efficiency, excessive heat input can compromise forming quality and performance. To tackle this challenge, this paper introduces an external wire feeding-assisted tandem wire–arc additive manufacturing system that minimizes thermal accumulation during the manufacturing process. Furthermore, it incorporates ultrasonic impact to refine grain structure and enhance mechanical properties. Our findings indicate that, for stainless steel 316L, the efficiency of this external wire feeding-assisted system reaches 9.75 kg/h. The application of ultrasound effectively inhibits the formation of coarse columnar dendrites, modifies grain growth patterns, and achieves grain refinement. Additionally, the ultrasonic impact not only increases the number of grain boundaries but also elevates the dislocation density within the material, thereby hindering dislocation movement and enhancing the overall hardness and tensile strength of the fabricated components. After the introduction of ultrasonic impact, the average hardness of the additively manufactured samples increased from 183.9 to 190.8 HV, while the transverse tensile strength rose from 495 ± 7.8 to 526 ± 9.4 MP.</p>

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Microstructure and Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Ultrasonic Impact and External Wire Feeding-Assisted Tandem Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月21日

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  • Jiang Zhongliang,
  • Zhang Jiaheng,
  • Li Xiaopeng,
  • Huang Yong,
  • Feng Yuehai,
  • Liu Jie,
  • Yang Dongqing

摘要

While tandem wire and arc additive manufacturing offers a higher deposition efficiency, excessive heat input can compromise forming quality and performance. To tackle this challenge, this paper introduces an external wire feeding-assisted tandem wire–arc additive manufacturing system that minimizes thermal accumulation during the manufacturing process. Furthermore, it incorporates ultrasonic impact to refine grain structure and enhance mechanical properties. Our findings indicate that, for stainless steel 316L, the efficiency of this external wire feeding-assisted system reaches 9.75 kg/h. The application of ultrasound effectively inhibits the formation of coarse columnar dendrites, modifies grain growth patterns, and achieves grain refinement. Additionally, the ultrasonic impact not only increases the number of grain boundaries but also elevates the dislocation density within the material, thereby hindering dislocation movement and enhancing the overall hardness and tensile strength of the fabricated components. After the introduction of ultrasonic impact, the average hardness of the additively manufactured samples increased from 183.9 to 190.8 HV, while the transverse tensile strength rose from 495 ± 7.8 to 526 ± 9.4 MP.