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<p>In the past, significant studies have been reported on 3D-printed polypropylene (PP) for automotive dashboards, bumpers, etc. Also, previous studies have outlined the wear behaviour of PP (a hydrophobic thermoplastic material) in dry and wet conditions. However, little has been reported on secondary (2°) recycling of PP with reinforcement of stubble waste powder (SWP) for possible use in automotive parts under different wear conditions. This study reports the 2° recycling of PP blended with SWP followed by fused filament fabrication (FFF) of functional parts for wear analysis (under dry/wet conditions) for automotive components. The melt flow index (MFI) was used to ascertain the proportion of SWP by Vol (%) in the PP matrix as per ASTM-D1238. For analysis, PP- SWP 20% was selected to manufacture feedstock filament (of ϕ1.75 ± 0.05&#xa0;mm) with MFI of 6.74&#xa0;g/(10&#xa0;min) using a single screw extruder (SSE) (at the barrel temperature 210&#xa0;°C, screw speed 5 RPM) to fabricate the prototypes. The fabricated FFF prototypes were used for wear analysis using the pin-on-disc setup (as per the ASTM-G99) to ascertain the wear behaviour of the prepared PP-SWP composite. The result of this study suggests that the maximum wear rate (≈ 133&#xa0;µm/min) in wet conditions was observed due to hydrolytic degradation under applied load. In contrast, the minimum wear rate (≈ 49&#xa0;µm/min) was noticed under dry conditions. The results are supported by the morphological (scanning electron microscopy, porosity, grain size No.), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.</p>

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On 3D Printing of Secondary Recycled Polypropylene for Automotive Parts under Different Wear Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月27日

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  • Minhaz Husain,
  • Ranvijay Kumar,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • Vinay Kumar

摘要

In the past, significant studies have been reported on 3D-printed polypropylene (PP) for automotive dashboards, bumpers, etc. Also, previous studies have outlined the wear behaviour of PP (a hydrophobic thermoplastic material) in dry and wet conditions. However, little has been reported on secondary (2°) recycling of PP with reinforcement of stubble waste powder (SWP) for possible use in automotive parts under different wear conditions. This study reports the 2° recycling of PP blended with SWP followed by fused filament fabrication (FFF) of functional parts for wear analysis (under dry/wet conditions) for automotive components. The melt flow index (MFI) was used to ascertain the proportion of SWP by Vol (%) in the PP matrix as per ASTM-D1238. For analysis, PP- SWP 20% was selected to manufacture feedstock filament (of ϕ1.75 ± 0.05 mm) with MFI of 6.74 g/(10 min) using a single screw extruder (SSE) (at the barrel temperature 210 °C, screw speed 5 RPM) to fabricate the prototypes. The fabricated FFF prototypes were used for wear analysis using the pin-on-disc setup (as per the ASTM-G99) to ascertain the wear behaviour of the prepared PP-SWP composite. The result of this study suggests that the maximum wear rate (≈ 133 µm/min) in wet conditions was observed due to hydrolytic degradation under applied load. In contrast, the minimum wear rate (≈ 49 µm/min) was noticed under dry conditions. The results are supported by the morphological (scanning electron microscopy, porosity, grain size No.), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.