This work employed electron backscatter diffraction and scanning electron microscope techniques to investigate the microstructure and texture anisotropy of the forged Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al (TB6) alloy bar under the planar wave detonation loading condition. For the microstructure of axial detonation, the {10 \({\overline{\text{1}}}\) 2}< \({\overline{\text{1}}}\) 011 > extension twin provided a supplementary mechanism for transverse cutting of grains. The high Schmid factor and low critical shear stress of prismatic slip also played a significant role in the deformation process. For the microstructure of radial detonation, dislocation and basal slip played a synergistic role in deformation coordination. Moreover, it was affected by the crystal lattice polarity of the close-packed hexagonal structure of the α-phase. The {10 \({\overline{\text{1}}}\) 2}< \({\overline{\text{1}}}\) 011> extension twin was suppressed by the compressive strain along the c-axis of the α-phase grains, leading to the deformation coordination performance along the radial direction being significantly lower than that along the axial direction. The formation of twins and the ease of activation of slip systems were the decisive factors in altering the texture of TB6 titanium alloy. After axial detonation, the α-phase texture changed from the original {10 \({\overline{\text{1}}}\) 0} to {0001}, while the change in α-phase texture was not significant after radial detonation, and the β-phase texture remains {100} throughout.
